A guide to the Linnaean species occurring in Western Australia - the list

as at 23 May 2007

Jump to the: home page : Algae : Fungi : Lichens : Fern allies : Ferns : Conifers : Dicotyledons : Monocotyledons

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ALGAE

1. Amphiroa fragilissima (L.) J.V.Lamour. (Corallinaceae)
   
2. Cladophora rupestris (L.) Kütz. (Cladophoraceae)
   
3. Cladophora vagabunda (L.) C.Hoek (Cladophoraceae)
   
4. Corallina officinalis L. (Corallinales)
   
5. Enteromorpha compressa (L.) Nees (Ulvaceae)
   
6. Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) Nees (Ulvaceae)
   
7. Griffithsia corallinoides (L.) Trevis. (Ceramiaceae)
   
8. Plocamium cartilagineum (L.) P.S.Dixon (Plocamiaceae)
   
9. Tricleocarpa fragilis (L.) Huisman & R.A.Towns. (Galaxauraceae)
   
10. Ulva lactuca L. (Ulvaceae)
    
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FUNGI

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LICHENS

11. Aspicilia calcarea (L.) Mudd. (Hymeneliaceae)
    
12. Chrysothrix candelaris (L.) J.R. Laudon (Chrysothricaceae)
    
13. Ephebe lanata (L.) Vain (Lichinaceae)
    
14. Lecanora rupicola (L.) Zahlbr. (Lecanoraceae)
    
15. Lepraria incana (L.) Ach. (Deuteromycotina)
    
16. Ochrolechia pallescens (L.) A. Massal. (Pertusariaceae)
    
17. Ochrolechia parella (L.) A. Massal. (Pertusariaceae)
    
18. Omphalina umbellifera (L. : Fr.) Quél. (Tricholomataceae)
    
19. Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl. (Physciaceae)
    
20. Pseudephebe pubescens (L.) M.Choisy (Parmeliaceae)
    
21. Pseudocyphellaria crocata (L.) Vain. (Lobariaceae)
    
22. Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. (Rhizocarpaceae)
    
23. Teloschistes chrysophthalmus (L.) Th. Fr. (Teloschistaceae)
    
24. Umbilicaria polyphylla (L.) Baumg. (Umbilicariaceae)
    
25. Xanthoria parietina (L.) Beltr. (Teloschistaceae)
    
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FERN ALLIES

26. Isoetes coromandelina L.f. (Isoetaceae)
    Cormous, perennial, herb (fern ally), 0.03-0.8 m high, megaspores tuberculate. Fl. Jan/Jul-Aug. Sand. Submerged in water or amphibious on the margins of pools or streams. Province: Northern.
27. Psilotum nudum (L.) P.Beauv. (Psilotaceae)
    Rhizomatous, herb (fork ferns), 0.6 m high, sporangia connate in threes, stem dichotomously branched, leaves scale-like. Fl. Apr-Aug/Nov. Sandstone. Damp shaded rock walls or ledges. Province: Northern and South-west.
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FERNS

28. Acrostichum aureum L. (Pteridaceae)
    Rhizomatous, perennial, herb (fern), 3-4 m high, blade 1-pinnate; sporangia covering entire lower surface of fertile pinnae; rhizome scales to 4 cm. Fl. Nov. Mangrove swamps, cliff faces by the sea. Province: Northern.
29. Actinostachys digitata (L.) Wall. (Schizaeaceae)
    Rhizomatous, perennial, herb or grass-like (fern), 0.09-0.2 m high, fronds simple, circinnate; sporangia-bearing segments in a digitate apical tuft. Fl. Aug. Sand. Gullies. Province: Northern.
30. Adiantum aethiopicum L. (Adiantaceae)
    Rhizomatous, perennial, herb (fern), 0.1-0.35 m high, frond 2-4-pinnate; stipe reddish-brown, hard, glossy; sori marginal in notches, reniform. Sandy clay, loam, lateritic clay gravel. Damp clay banks or among rocks in sclerophyll forests. Province: South-west.
31. Adiantum capillus-veneris L. (Adiantaceae)
    Rhizomatous, perennial, herb (fern), 0.1-0.2 m high, frond 1-2-pinnate; stipe blackish-brown, hard, glossy; sori marginal between sinuses, oblong. Moist, sheltered sites in gorges and on cliff walls. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
32. Adiantum philippense L. (Adiantaceae)
    Rhizomatous, perennial, herb (fern), 0.05-0.5 m high, blade 1-pinnate; stipe blackish-brown, hard, glabrous; sori marginal between sinuses. Fl. Feb/May-Oct. Loam. Rocky crevices, damp rock ledges near creeks and waterfalls, vine thicket gorges. Province: Northern.
33. Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link (Adiantaceae)
    Rhizomatous, annual, herb (fern), 0.03-0.15 m high, blade bipinnatifid; sori forking with the veins, oblong. Protected rock crevices, or open banks among mosses and liverworts, near streams. Province: South-west.
34. Asplenium trichomanes L. (Aspleniaceae)
    Rhizomatous, perennial, herb (fern), 0.1-0.35 m high, stipe purplish-black; sori oblong, often coalescing with age and covering most of undersurface. Fl. May-Oct. Loam. Shady, wet sites, near waterfalls, limestone outcrops. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
35. Blechnum orientale L. (Blechnaceae)
    Rhizomatous, perennial, herb (fern), 0.3-2 m high, fronds 1-pinnate; pinnae margin entire; sori linear, forming 2 bands, 1 each side of pinna midrib. Fl. Mar-Oct. Brown or black loam. Near creeks, in moist vine thickets, on rock ledges of cliffs or waterfalls. Province: Northern.
36. Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn. (Parkeriaceae)
    Rhizomatous, perennial, herb (fern), to 0.4 m high, amphibious or aquatic; fronds succulent, 1-4-pinnate; sporangia in 2 rows, not in sori. Fl. Mar-Oct. In or near creeks or swamps, in pools or on wet rock ledges of waterfalls. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
37. *Cyrtomium falcatum (L.f.) C.Presl (Dryopteridaceae)
    Rhizomatous, herb or grass-like (fern), to 1 m high, fronds-1-pinnate; stipe with large brown scales; sori spread across pinnae undersurface. Sand over clay. Small spring. Province: South-west.
38. Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J.Sm. (Polypodiaceae)
    Rhizomatous, perennial, herb (fern), 0.5-1 m high, sterile 'nest' fronds and 1-pinnatifid fertile fronds, lobes strap-like; sori circular. Fl. Jan-Mar. Peaty sand. Rock crevices, on rock shelves, in soil amongst boulders. Province: Northern.
39. Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Kaulf. (Ophioglossaceae)
    Rhizomatous, perennial, herb (fern), 0.4-0.6 m high, sterile frond palmately divided; fertile blade spike-like; vernation not circinnate. Fl. May. Black peat. Shady sites in gallery forest, margins of creeks. Province: Northern.
40. Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic.Serm. (Lycopodiaceae)
    Rhizomatous, perennial, herb (fern ally), 0.1-0.5 m high, strobili pendulous, terminating short branches. Fl. Jun-Aug. Wet rock ledges, creek banks or seepage areas. Province: Northern.
41. Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. (Lygodiaceae)
    Rhizomatous, perennial, climbing herb (fern), fronds twining; sporangia on the margin in finger-like projections; pinnae not basally jointed. Fl. Mar/Jun-Aug. Sand. Damp, shaded sites near rocky cliffs and gorges. Province: Northern.
42. Microlepia speluncae (L.) Moore (Dennstaedtiaceae)
    Rhizomatous, perennial, herb (fern), 1-2 m high, fronds 3-pinnate basally; indusia pouch-shaped, borne from the margin at vein endings. Shady, damp places.
43. *Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C.Presl (Davalliaceae)
    Herb (fern), 0.5 m high. Fern galleries, vertical surfaces beneath overhangs and waterfalls. Province: Northern and South-west.
44. Ophioglossum lusitanicum L. (Ophioglossaceae)
    Rhizomatous, perennial, herb (fern), 0.01-0.15 m high, sterile frond simple; stipe bases not persistent; fertile blade spike-like; vernation not circinnate. Fl. May. Clay loams, red loam, yellow sand. Shallow soil pockets subject to flooding, amongst rocks or along streambanks. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
45. Ophioglossum reticulatum L. (Ophioglossaceae)
    Rhizomatous, perennial, herb (fern), 0.03-0.1 m high, sterile frond simple, broad, stalked; fertile blade spike-like; vernation not circinnate. Fl. Jan-Feb/Jun-Jul. Sand. Damp soil near creeks. Province: Northern.
46. Pteris vittata L. (Pteridaceae)
    Rhizomatous, perennial, herb (fern), 0.4-1.25 m high, blade 1-pinnate; sori marginal, linear, continuous. Peaty sand. Rocky gorges of rivers, along banks of streams. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
47. Schizaea dichotoma (L.) Sm. (Schizaeaceae)
    Rhizomatous, perennial, herb (fern), 0.1-0.5 m high, fronds dichotomously divided; sporangia-bearing segments in pinnately arranged ‘cock's comb’. Fl. Jun-Aug. Sand. Amongst boulders in gorges. Province: Northern.
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CONIFERS

48. *Pinus pinea L. (Pinaceae)
    Tree (conifer), to 20 m high, leaves in pairs, over 12 cm long; seeds with rudimentary wings; flat-topped, mushroom shaped crown. White sand over clay. Flats. Province: South-west.
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DICOTYLEDONS

49. Abelmoschus ficulneus (L.) Wight (Malvaceae)
    Erect annual, herb or shrub, 0.2-2.5 m high. Fl. white, pink, red, Mar-Jul. Black soils, clay. Alluvial flats, irrigation ditches. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
50. Abrus precatorius L. (Papilionaceae)
    Climber, seeds are extremely toxic. Fl. purple, violet, Jan-Jul/Nov-Dec. Sand, sandstone, limestone, basalt. Coastal areas, creeklines. Province: Northern.
51. Abrus precatorius L. subsp. precatorius (Papilionaceae)
    Climber, seeds are extremely toxic. Fl. purple, violet, Jan-Jul/Nov-Dec. Sand, sandstone, limestone, basalt. Coastal areas, creeklines. Province: Northern.
52. Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet (Malvaceae)
    Upright shrub, 0.3-4 m high. Fl. yellow, orange, Feb-Nov. Sandy soils. Coastal dunes & flats, creeks. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
53. *Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile (Mimosaceae)
    Dense, spreading shrub or tree, to 12 m high, bark smooth becoming rough and longitudinally fissured at base; heads globular. Fl. yellow, Jan/Apr-Nov. Silty, cracking clay or sandy alluvial soils. Plains, floodplains, often near creeks, streams, dams or bores, on cleared land, roadsides. Province: Northern.
54. *Acetosa vesicaria (L.) A.Love (Polygonaceae)
    Erect, stout, fleshy, hollow-stemmed annual, herb, 0.2-1 m high. Fl. red, pink, Jul-Sep. Sandy alluvial soils, gravelly ironstone soils. Along roadsides, in disturbed areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
55. *Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae)
    Erect, aromatic, stoloniferous perennial, herb. Fl. white, pink. Roadsides, vacant lands, gardens. Province: South-west.
56. Achyranthes aspera L. (Amaranthaceae)
    Erect perennial, herb, 0.3-1(-2) m high. Fl. cream, green, pink, Mar-Aug. Sandy soils, alluvium. Along rivers & creeks. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
57. *Adenocarpus complicatus (L.) J.Gay (Papilionaceae)
    Dense, much-branched, aromatic shrub, 1.5-4 m high. Fl. yellow, Oct. Sandy clay, laterite. Flats, hillslopes, disturbed sites. Province: South-west.
58. Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco (Myrsinaceae)
    Mangrove tree or shrub, to 7 m high. Fl. white, Apr-Oct. Mud. Tidal creeks, seaward edge of mangroves. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
59. *Aeschynomene americana L. (Papilionaceae)
    Annual or perennial, herb, to 2 m high, with sensitive leaves. Fl. orange, pink, purple, May. Wet soils. Floodplains. Province: Northern.
60. Aeschynomene indica L. (Papilionaceae)
    Erect annual or perennial, herb or shrub, 0.2-2 m high. Fl. yellow, Mar-Oct. Sandy, loamy & clayey soils. River & creek edges, claypans, low-lying flats. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
61. *Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae)
    Biennial, herb, ca 0.4 m high. Fl. blue, purple, Jun. Yellow clay soil. Garden. Province: Northern.
62. Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. (Mimosaceae)
    Deciduous tree, 2.5-30 m high, flowers pedicellate, 15-40 in simple corymbs; leaves bipinnate, concolorous. Fl. green, yellow, Aug-Oct. Sand, clayey sand or lateritic clay, often with basalt. Monsoon forest, vine thickets, savannah woodland, along watercourses. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
63. Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. (Droseraceae)
    Submerged, free-floating, rootless, carnivorous aquatic herb. Fl. white, Jun. Shallow freshwater billabongs. Province: Northern.
64. *Allamanda cathartica L. (Apocynaceae)
    Scrambling to scandent shrub or climber, to 3(-6) m high. Fl. yellow, Feb. Red loam sandstone. Along creek. Province: Northern.
65. *Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze (Amaranthaceae)
    Spreading perennial, herb, to 1 m high. Red alluvial soils. Croplands. Province: Northern.
66. *Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) A.DC. (Papilionaceae)
    Prostrate, spreading herb, to 0.5 m high. Fl. red, pink, purple, Jul. Red soils. Disturbed wet areas. Province: Northern.
67. *Amaranthus albus L. (Amaranthaceae)
    Erect, spreading annual, herb, 0.2-0.3 m high. Fl. green, Dec-May. Province: South-west.
68. *Amaranthus blitum L. (Amaranthaceae)
    Prostrate to ascending herb. Fl. Jun. Province: South-west.
69. *Amaranthus caudatus L. (Amaranthaceae)
    Erect annual, herb, 0.3-1 m high. Fl. red, Mar-Jun. Disturbed areas. Province: South-west.
70. *Amaranthus cruentus L. (Amaranthaceae)
    Erect annual, herb, to ca 1 m high. Fl. green, Feb-May. Province: South-west.
71. *Amaranthus hybridus L. (Amaranthaceae)
    Erect annual, herb, to 2 m high. Fl. green, white, pink, Apr. Province: South-west.
72. *Amaranthus retroflexus L. (Amaranthaceae)
    Stout, erect annual, herb. Fl. green. Province: Northern and South-west.
73. *Amaranthus tricolor L. (Amaranthaceae)
    Herb, to 1 m high. Fl. Apr. River levees. Province: Northern.
74. *Amaranthus viridis L. (Amaranthaceae)
    Erect or ascending annual, herb, 0.2-1 m high. Fl. green, Nov-Jun. Disturbed areas. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
75. Ammannia baccifera L. (Lythraceae)
    Erect to spreading annual, herb, 0.1-0.6 m high. Fl. red, brown, May-Sep. Alluvium, sandy loam, clay. Edges of creeks & rivers, seasonally wet depressions, mud flats. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
76. *Ammi majus L. (Apiaceae)
    Erect annual or biennial, herb, 0.2-1 m high. Fl. white, Oct-Dec. In disturbed areas. Province: South-west.
77. *Anagallis arvensis L. (Primulaceae)
    Erect, spreading or sprawling annual, herb, 0.02-0.25 m high. Fl. blue, purple, orange, red, Aug-Jan. Disturbed areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
78. *Anagallis arvensis L. var. arvensis (Primulaceae)
    Hairless, spreading, prostrate to decumbent annual, herb, 0.05-0.2 m high, to 0.2 m wide. Fl. yellow, orange, red, Oct-Mar. Grey or peaty sand, red clayey sand, loam, laterite, sandstone, limestone. Coastal areas, wet areas, rock outcrops, disturbed sites. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
79. *Anagallis minima (L.) E.H.L.Krause (Primulaceae)
    Erect, slender annual, herb, to 0.05 m high. Fl. yellow, Oct-Nov. Brown sandy clay, black peaty sandy clay. Swamps, edges of pools, winter-wet claypans. Province: South-west.
80. Anisomeles malabarica (L.) Sims (Lamiaceae)
    Slender, aromatic perennial, herb, (0.4-)1-2 m high. Fl. blue, purple, Apr-Jul/Nov. Sandstone, limestone or basalt-derived soils, laterite. Plains, rocky hillslopes, rock crevices. Province: Northern.
81. *Annona reticulata L. (Annonaceae)
    Tree, to 5 m high. Banks of creeks & rivers. Province: Northern.
82. *Anoda cristata (L.) Schltdl. (Malvaceae)
    Hispid herb, to 0.8 m high. Fl. purple. Disturbed sites. Province: South-west.
83. *Anthemis cotula L. (Asteraceae)
    Annual, herb, 0.2-0.6 m high. Fl. white. Province: South-west.
84. *Aphanes arvensis L. (Rosaceae)
    Slender, pilose annual, herb, to 0.1 m high. Fl. green, yellow, red, Aug-Oct. Sand. Province: South-west.
85. Aphyllodium biarticulatum (L.) Gagnep. (Papilionaceae)
    Erect or prostrate annual or perennial, herb or shrub, to 2 m high. Fl. pink, purple, white, Mar-Aug. Sandy or basaltic soils. Floodplains. Province: Northern.
86. *Apium graveolens L. (Apiaceae)
    Tufted herb, 0.4-1.3 m high. Fl. white, green, Dec. Black peaty sand, clay. Edge of drainage channels. Province: South-west.
87. *Aptenia cordifolia (L.f.) Schwantes (Aizoaceae)
    Low shrub, 0.2 m high, flowers with petal-like staminodes & 4 sepals. Fl. pink, Oct. White sand. Disturbed coastal heath.
88. *Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (Brassicaceae)
    Rosetted annual, herb. Fl. white, Sep. Near saline lakes. Province: South-west.
89. *Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns (Asteraceae)
    Decumbent or ascending annual, herb, 0.03-0.3 m high. Fl. yellow, Aug-Nov. Weed of roadsides, waste places & cultivated land. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
90. Argusia argentea (L.f.) Heine (Boraginaceae)
    Shrub or tree, 2-3 m high. Fl. white, Jun-Jul. Coastal areas.
91. *Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.Bip. (Asteraceae)
    Procumbent to erect perennial, herb, to 0.8 m high. Fl. white, Jul-Oct. Grey sand. Limestone rises & cliffs. Province: South-west.
92. *Artemisia absinthium L. (Asteraceae)
    Erect, multi-branched perennial, herb, 0.4-1.7 m high. Fl. yellow, Mar/Nov-Dec. Deep white or calcareous sand. Province: South-west.
93. Artemisia arborescens L. (Asteraceae)
    Sprawling, low shrub. Fl. yellow, Dec. Calcareous black sand, red clayey loam. Sand plains. Province: South-west.
94. *Asclepias curassavica L. (Asclepiadaceae)
    Erect shrub, 0.3-1.5 m high. Fl. orange, red. Sandy soils. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
95. *Asterolinon linum-stellatum (L.) Duby (Primulaceae)
    Delicate annual, herb, 0.04-0.11 m high. Fl. white, Sep-Oct. Grey calcareous sand. Province: South-west.
96. *Asystasia gangetica (L.) T.Anderson (Acanthaceae)
    Upright, creeping or climbing perennial, herb, to 1 m high. Fl. white, blue, purple, Mar-Apr/Sep. Uncleared pindan soil, red levee soil. Gardens, woodlands. Province: Northern.
97. *Atriplex hortensis L. (Chenopodiaceae)
    Monoecious, erect annual, herb, to 2.5 m high. Fl. Dec. Province: South-west.
98. *Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell (Scrophulariaceae)
    Prostrate perennial, herb, rooting at nodes, often forming dense mats. Fl. blue, white, May. Black silty mud. Edge of artifical drainage channel. Province: Northern and South-west.
99. Banksia dentata L.f. (Proteaceae)
    Tree, 2.5-8 m high, with epicormic buds. Fl. yellow, cream, Nov-Jul. Skeletal soils over sandstone or quartzite, seasonally moist. Rocky slopes, creeks, gorges. Province: Northern.
100. Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. (Lecythidaceae)
     Tree or shrub, 1.2-25 m high. Fl. pink, red, Jan-Dec. Alluvium, sandy clay. Banks of rivers & creeks, floodplains. Province: Northern.
101. Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. subsp. acutangula (Lecythidaceae)
     Tree or shrub, 1.2-25 m high. Fl. pink, red, Jan-Dec. Alluvium, sandy clay. Banks of rivers & creeks, floodplains. Province: Northern.
102. *Bartsia trixago L. (Scrophulariaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.15-0.5 m high. Fl. white, pink, Sep-Jan. Sandy soils over limestone or granite. Granite outcrops, coastal areas, shaded moist spots. Province: South-west.
103. Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench (Lamiaceae)
     Erect annual or perennial, herb, 0.3-1.2 m high. Fl. blue, purple, white, Mar-Jul. Loam, sandy loam, clay. River & creek banks, swampy areas. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
104. *Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J.Scott (Chenopodiaceae)
     Annual, herb. Fl. Sep-Oct. Loam. Salt lakes. Province: South-west.
105. *Bidens bipinnata L. (Asteraceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.1-0.9(-1.5) m high. Fl. yellow, Mar-Sep. Alluvium, clay, loam over sandstone, limestone. Along rivers & creeks, coastal areas, rocky hillsides. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
106. *Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.2-1.5(-2.5) m high. Fl. yellow, Feb-Jun. Peaty clay, sandy loam, alluvium. Along drainage lines, lateritic screes. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
107. *Biserrula pelecinus L. (Papilionaceae)
     Description unknown. Province: South-west.
108. Bombax ceiba L. (Bombacaceae)
     Deciduous tree, 5-20 m high, often with buttress roots, trunk & branches armed with thorns. Fl. red, Aug-Sep. Sandstone or basalt soils. Province: Northern.
109. *Borago officinalis L. (Boraginaceae)
     Much-branched annual, herb, to 0.8 m high. Fl. blue, white. Province: South-west.
110. *Brassica barrelieri (L.) Janka (Brassicaceae)
     Rosetted annual or perennial, herb, to 0.5 m high. Fl. white, cream, yellow, Sep-Oct. Disturbed areas. Province: South-west.
111. *Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. (Brassicaceae)
     Annual, herb, to 1 m high. Fl. yellow, Aug-Sep. Herbfields, weed of agricultural land. Province: Northern and South-west.
112. *Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae)
     Annual or biennial, herb, to 1.5 m high. Fl. yellow, Aug-Sep. Roadsides. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
113. *Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.L.Koch (Brassicaceae)
     Annual, herb, to 1 m high. Fl. yellow, cream, white, Jul. Province: South-west.
114. *Brassica oleracea L. (Brassicaceae)
     Biennial or perennial, herb, to 1.5(-3) m high. Fl. yellow, Feb/Jul-Nov. Occasional cultivation escape. Province: South-west.
115. *Brassica rapa L. (Brassicaceae)
     Annual or biennial, herb, to 1 m high. Fl. yellow, Sep-Nov. Disturbed sites. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
116. Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. (Simaroubaceae)
     Shrub or tree, 1-6 m high. Fl. green, white, Nov. Sand. Sandstone hills & boulders. Province: Northern.
117. *Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M.Johnst. (Boraginaceae)
     Annual, herb, to 0.6 m high. Fl. white, Jul-Nov. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
118. *Bupleurum semicompositum L. (Apiaceae)
     Upright or decumbent, glaucous annual, herb, 0.04-0.15(-0.3) m high. Fl. yellow, green, Sep-Nov. Granitic or calcareous sandy soils. River margins, granite rocks, roadsides. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
119. *Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth (Papilionaceae)
     Shrub, 0.5-3 m high. Fl. yellow, red, brown, May-Jun/Sep. Black clay, cultivated soils. Plain. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
120. Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars (Papilionaceae)
     Sprawling or prostrate perennial, herb or climber (sometimes). Fl. yellow, Apr-Aug. Sandstone or basalt. Rocky hills, creeks, outcrops. Province: Northern.
121. *Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T.Aiton (Asclepiadaceae)
     Spreading shrub or tree, to 4 m high. Fl. blue, purple, Aug-Sep. Pindan. Province: Northern.
122. Calystegia sepium (L.) R.Br. (Convolvulaceae)
     Twining perennial, herb or climber. Fl. white, pink. Damp places.
123. Calystegia soldanella (L.) Roem. & Schult. (Convolvulaceae)
     Rhizomatous, prostrate perennial, herb. Fl. pink, Oct-Dec. Sand over limestone. Province: South-west.
124. *Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz (Brassicaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, to 0.8 m high. Fl. yellow. Weed of cultivation. Province: South-west.
125. *Campsis radicans (L.) Bureau (Bignoniaceae)
     Climber, to 3 m high. Fl. orange, red, Jan/Dec. Sandy clay, black sand. Flats, disturbed woodland areas, road verges. Province: South-west.
126. *Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. (Papilionaceae)
     Spreading or creeping shrub, to 1 m high, 10 m across. Fl. purple, pink, Jul. Sand. Levee. Province: Northern.
127. *Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae)
     Herb, 0.6 m high. Grey loamy sand. Cleared areas. Province: South-west.
128. Capparis sepiaria L. (Capparaceae)
     Scrambling shrub or climber, 0.5-5(-10) m high. Fl. white, cream, Mar/Jun-Jul/Oct-Nov. Lateritic ridges, basalt boulders, sandstone screes. Province: Northern.
129. Capparis spinosa L. (Capparaceae)
     Prostrate or scrambling shrub, 0.3-3 m high. Fl. white, cream, Jan-Dec. Sandy soils. Coastal regions, sandstone rocks. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
130. *Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. (Brassicaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.08-0.4 m high. Fl. white, Jul-Nov. In lawns & disturbed sites. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
131. *Cardamine hirsuta L. (Brassicaceae)
     Erect, rosetted annual, herb, 0.1-0.3 m high. Fl. white, Aug-Oct. Grey sand, loam. Province: South-west.
132. *Cardiospermum halicacabum L. (Sapindaceae)
     Prostrate, spreading annual, herb or climber, to 0.4 m high. Fl. white, Mar-Jun/Sep. Alluvial sand, loam, brown clay over limestone, sandstone. River beds & levees, floodplains, depressions, hillslopes, roadverges. Province: Northern and South-west.
133. *Cardiospermum halicacabum L. var. halicacabum (Sapindaceae)
     Prostrate, spreading annual, herb or climber, to 0.4 m high. Fl. white, Mar-Jun/Sep. Alluvial sand, loam, brown clay over limestone, sandstone. River beds & levees, floodplains, depressions, hillslopes, roadverges. Province: Northern and South-west.
134. *Carduus nutans L. (Asteraceae)
     Rosette-forming, spiny annual or biennial, herb. Fl. purple, blue, red. Pasture weed. Province: South-west.
135. *Carduus pycnocephalus L. (Asteraceae)
     Erect, prickly annual, herb, 0.2-1 m high. Fl. purple, pink, red, Oct-Dec. Weed of roadsides & pastures. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
136. *Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E.Br. (Aizoaceae)
     Prostrate, spreading, succulent perennial, herb, 0.06-0.3 m high, to 2 m long. Fl. yellow, pink, Jul-Nov. White or grey sand, sandy clay. Coastal dunes & winter-wet depressions. Province: South-west.
137. *Carrichtera annua (L.) DC. (Brassicaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.05-0.4 m high. Fl. yellow, Sep-Nov. Semi-arid regions. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
138. *Carthamus lanatus L. (Asteraceae)
     Erect, spiny annual, herb, 0.15-0.7(-0.9) m high, leaves rigid with spiny lobes. Fl. yellow, Dec-Apr. Variety of soils. Weed of crops, pastures & waste grounds. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
139. *Carthamus tinctorius L. (Asteraceae)
     Erect, spiny annual, herb, to 1 m high, leaves undivided. Fl. yellow, Oct-Dec. Variety of soils. An escape from cultivation found on roadsides & in crops & pastures. Province: South-west.
140. *Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold (Apocynaceae)
     Shrub, to 4 m high. Fl. yellow, Feb/May. Sandy loam over sandstone, shallow rocky soils. Province: Northern.
141. Cassytha filiformis L. (Lauraceae)
     Parasitic perennial, herb and climber. Fl. white, cream, yellow, Jan-Dec. Found on Melaleuca & Acacia. Sandstone outcrops & plateaus, mangrove swamps, coastal dunes. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
142. *Casuarina equisetifolia L. (Casuarinaceae)
     Slender, erect tree, 5-7 m high. Fl. brown, Dec. Grey sand over sandy clay. Sand dunes, disturbed woodlands. Province: Northern and South-west.
143. *Casuarina equisetifolia L. subsp. equisetifolia (Casuarinaceae)
     Slender, erect tree, to 7 m high. Fl. brown, Dec. Grey or white sand, grey sand over sandy clay. Sand plains and dunes.
144. *Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don (Apocynaceae)
     Slender, erect herb or shrub, to 0.4(-1) m high. Fl. pink, white, Feb-Mar/Jun-Sep. Sandy soils. Rocky ocean ledge, cultivated. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
145. Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin (Vitaceae)
     Deciduous climber, to 20 m high. Fl. green, yellow, Sep-Mar. Sandstone, alluvium, basalt. Along rivers, hills, outcrops. Province: Northern.
146. *Celosia argentea L. (Amaranthaceae)
     Robust, erect herb, ca 1.5 m high. Fl. pink, Mar-Apr. Province: Northern.
147. *Centaurea calcitrapa L. (Asteraceae)
     Erect, divaricately branched annual, herb, to 1 m high. Fl. purple, pink, Oct-Nov. Weed of pastures & waste grounds. Province: South-west.
148. *Centaurea melitensis L. (Asteraceae)
     Erect annual or biennial, herb, 0.2-1 m high. Fl. yellow, Sep-Mar. Weed of roadsides, cultivated areas & other disturbed areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
149. *Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae)
     Erect biennial, herb, to 1 m high. Fl. yellow, Oct-Mar. Weed of disturbed grounds. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
150. Centaurium spicatum (L.) Janch. (Gentianaceae)
     Annual or biennial, herb, 0.02-0.3 m high. Fl. pink, red, yellow, Aug-Feb. Loam over limestone. Often in damp sandy situations. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
151. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (Apiaceae)
     Creeping, stoloniferous perennial, herb, 0.05-0.4 m high. Fl. pink, purple, red, white, Aug-Apr. Often in winter-wet depressions. Province: South-west.
152. Centipeda minima (L.) A.Braun & Asch. (Asteraceae)
     Erect, ascending or spreading annual, herb, 0.03-0.2 m high. Fl. cream, yellow, May-Oct. Sand, red clay, loam, gritty alluvium, gravel, sandstone. Margins of lakes, rivers & pools, claypans, drainage lines, gullies. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
153. Centipeda minima (L.) A.Braun & Asch. subsp. minima (Asteraceae)
     Upright, spreading, moderately open annual, herb, to 0.1 m high. Fl. yellow, Jul. Sand, well-drained gritty alluvial soils. Banks of pools and rivers, in river beds, rocky gullies, drainage lines. Province: Eremaean.
154. *Centranthus ruber (L.) DC. (Valerianaceae)
     Perennial, herb or shrub, 0.3-1 m high. Fl. pink, red, white, Jul/Oct-Mar. Loam over granite, black or calcareous sand, laterite. Granite outcrops, slopes, roadsides. Province: South-west.
155. Ceratophyllum demersum L. (Ceratophyllaceae)
     Submerged aquatic perennial, herb. Fl. green, white, Jul. Waterways. Province: Northern.
156. Chamaecrista absus (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby (Caesalpiniaceae)
     Viscidly pubescent annual or perennial (short-lived), herb, to 0.4 m high. Fl. yellow, Mar-May. Sand. Lateritic plateaus, basaltic slopes. Province: Northern.
157. Chamaecrista absus (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby var. absus (Caesalpiniaceae)
     Annual, herb, 0.1-1.2 m high, leaves with 4 large leaflets, eglandular; plant sticky because of vesicle-based setae. Fl. cream, yellow, Jan-May. Sandy soils. Sandstone outcrops, riverine open scrub, creek beds, cultivated areas. Province: Northern.
158. Chamaecrista mimosoides (L.) Greene (Caesalpiniaceae)
     Erect or straggling herb or shrub, to 1 m high. Fl. yellow, blue, purple, Jan-Aug. Near watercourses, seepage areas. Province: Northern.
159. *Chenopodium album L. (Chenopodiaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.2-1(-1.7) m high. Fl. green, Mar-Apr/Oct-Dec. Sand, loam, sandy clay. Weed in agricultural areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
160. *Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Chenopodiaceae)
     Perennial, herb, 0.2-1 m high, strongly aromatic. Fl. green, Mar-Jul. Sand, sandy clay. Province: South-west.
161. *Chenopodium glaucum L. (Chenopodiaceae)
     Prostrate to decumbent or erect annual, herb, 0.05-0.5 m high. In muddy eutrophic conditions. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
162. *Chenopodium multifidum L. (Chenopodiaceae)
     Prostrate, decumbent or erect, aromatic perennial, herb, 0.03-1 m high. Fl. green, Sep-Jan/Apr-May. Sand. Disturbed areas. Province: South-west.
163. *Chenopodium murale L. (Chenopodiaceae)
     Erect, much-branched annual, herb, 0.2-1 m high. Fl. green, Apr-Dec. Agricultural weed, cultivated & disturbed areas, coastal sites. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
164. *Chondrilla juncea L. (Asteraceae)
     Slender rhizomatous, biennial or perennial, herb, to 1 m high. Fl. yellow, Oct-Feb. A serious weed of cultivation. Province: South-west.
165. *Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A.Juss. (Euphorbiaceae)
     Annual, herb, to 0.5 m high. Province: South-west.
166. *Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norl. (Asteraceae)
     Shrub, 0.8-3 m high. Fl. yellow, Jun-Oct. Swampy loam, lateritic sandy clay. Coastal areas, roadsides, waste areas. Province: South-west.
167. *Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norl. subsp. monilifera (Asteraceae)
     Erect shrub, 0.8-3 m high. Fl. yellow, Jun-Oct. Red-brown loam, limestone rubble. Sandplains, coastal areas, roadsides & waste areas. Province: South-west.
168. *Chrysanthemum coronarium L. (Asteraceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.2-1.5 m high. Fl. yellow, Aug-Nov. Sand over limestone. Province: South-west.
169. *Chrysanthemum segetum L. (Asteraceae)
     Annual, herb, to 0.8 m high. Fl. yellow, Aug-Nov. Province: South-west.
170. *Chrysocoma coma-aurea L. (Asteraceae)
     Woody shrub, ca 1 m high. Fl. yellow, Oct. Black sand over limestone. Steep slope. Province: South-west.
171. *Cicendia filiformis (L.) Delarbre (Gentianaceae)
     Annual, herb, 0.015-0.13 m high. Fl. yellow, Aug-Nov. Damp places. Province: South-west.
172. *Cichorium intybus L. (Asteraceae)
     Perennial, herb, to 1.5 m high. Fl. blue, Nov-May. Road verges & waste areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
173. *Cinnamomum camphora (L.) T.Nees & C.H.Eberm. (Lauraceae)
     Tree, 5-8 m high, bright green leaves; black succulent fruit. Loam. Woodland near creeklines, street verges. Province: South-west.
174. *Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Asteraceae)
     Erect, spiny rhizomatous, perennial, herb, to 1 m high. Fl. blue, purple. Weed of pastures & roadsides. Province: South-west.
175. *Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. var. arvense (Asteraceae)
     Stoloniferous, perennial, herb, stems to 1 m. Sand. Province: South-west.
176. *Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. (Cucurbitaceae)
     Trailing perennial, herb or climber. Fl. yellow, Jan-Oct. Sandy, rocky, stony loam, clay soils, wet soils. In disturbed areas, floodplains. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
177. Cleome gynandra L. (Capparaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, to 1.3 m high. Fl. white, yellow, Feb/Jul.
178. Cleome viscosa L. (Capparaceae)
     Viscid annual or perennial, herb, 0.15-1.5 m high. Fl. yellow, Feb-Oct. Variety of soils. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
179. *Cleretum papulosum (L.f.) L.Bolus (Aizoaceae)
     Prostrate, succulent annual or perennial, herb, to 0.08 m high, plant crystalline light green with mauve tinges. Fl. yellow, white, Aug-Sep. Red-brown clay loam, red-grey sand, brown-red clayey sand, laterite, granite. Flat plateaus above breakaways, hill & valley slopes, above creeklines, disturbed ground. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
180. *Cleretum papulosum (L.f.) L.Bolus subsp. papulosum (Aizoaceae)
     Prostrate, succulent annual, herb, to 0.1 m high (0.2m across). Fl. yellow, white, Aug-Sep. Sandy loam, brown to red-brown clay, grey sandy gravel, granite, laterite. Rock outcrops, lower slopes, hills, valley flats, base of breakaways. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
181. Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. (Lamiaceae)
     Shrub, ca 2 m high. Fl. white, May-Jun. Somewhat saline habitats, behind beach. Province: Northern.
182. *Clitoria ternatea L. (Papilionaceae)
     Sprawling perennial, herb or climber, to 7 m high. Fl. blue, Feb-Jun/Dec. Sand, clay, loam. River or creek banks, margins of waterholes. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
183. *Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (Cucurbitaceae)
     Perennial, herb or climber, to 13 m high. Fl. white, Apr-Aug. Sand. Sandplains, gardens. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
184. Coldenia procumbens L. (Boraginaceae)
     Prostrate annual, herb, 0.15-0.6 m wide. Fl. white, cream, yellow, May/Aug-Sep/Dec. Black soils, cracking clay. Floodplains, swamps. Province: Northern.
185. Colubrina asiatica (L.) Brongn. (Rhamnaceae)
     Spreading shrub, ca 2 m high. Fl. yellow, green. White sand. Province: Northern.
186. Colubrina asiatica (L.) Brongn. var. asiatica (Rhamnaceae)
     Spreading shrub, ca 2 m high. Fl. yellow, green. White sand. Province: Northern. Conservation status: P1
187. Commicarpus chinensis (L.) Heimerl (Nyctaginaceae)
     
188. Commicarpus chinensis (L.) Heimerl subsp. chinensis (Nyctaginaceae)
     
189. *Conium maculatum L. (Apiaceae)
     Erect biennial, herb, (0.4-)1-3 m high. Fl. white, Oct-Dec. In waste places, along river banks, paddocks. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
190. *Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur (Ranunculaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.3-0.6 m high. Fl. pink, purple, Oct-Nov. Sandy loam or gravel. Railway verges, roadsides. Province: South-west.
191. *Convolvulus arvensis L. (Convolvulaceae)
     Prostrate, climbing or twining perennial, herb. Fl. white, pink, Dec-Mar. Coastal areas, winter-wet flats. Province: South-west.
192. *Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist (Asteraceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.15-1.5 m high. Fl. white, Jan-Dec. Variety of soils. Weed of cultivation, waste places & roadsides. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
193. *Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist (Asteraceae)
     Erect, robust annual, herb, to 1 m high, foliage light yellow-green; inflorescence open and branching. Fl. white. Variety of soils. Roadsides, wastelands, disturbed bushland. Province: South-west.
194. *Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist var. canadensis (Asteraceae)
     Erect, robust annual, herb, to 1 m high, stems hairy; short, stiff hairs on leaf margins. Fl. white. Variety of soils. Roadsides, wastelands, disturbed bushland. Province: South-west.
195. Corchorus aestuans L. (Tiliaceae)
     Prostrate, decumbent or sometimes erect annual or perennial, herb, 0.02-0.6(-1) m high. Fl. yellow, Jan-Jul/Oct. Clay, sandy loam, alluvium, sandy soils. Floodplains, swamp margins, coastal flats. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
196. Corchorus capsularis L. (Tiliaceae)
     Erect herb, to 1.5 m high. Fl. yellow. Edge of vine thicket. Province: Northern. Conservation status: P1
197. *Corchorus olitorius L. (Tiliaceae)
     Upright, robust perennial or annual, herb, to 1.5 m high. Fl. yellow, Mar-May. Black or yellow cracking clay, peaty loam, limestone. Valleys & ridges, creek edges, disturbed pindan plain, along drainage channels. Province: Northern.
198. Corchorus tridens L. (Tiliaceae)
     Procumbent to upright annual, herb, (0.01-)0.1-0.6 m high. Fl. yellow, Jan-Jun. Clay, sandy & loamy soils. Coastal flats, floodplains. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
199. Corchorus trilocularis L. (Tiliaceae)
     Perennial, herb. Fl. yellow, May-Jun. In crab holes. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
200. *Coriandrum sativum L. (Apiaceae)
     Upright annual, herb, to 0.5 m high. Fl. pink, Oct. Roadside drains. Province: South-west.
201. *Corrigiola litoralis L. (Caryophyllaceae)
     Prostrate or decumbent, spreading annual or biennial (rarely), herb, 0.03-0.3 m high. Fl. green, white, May-Jun/Sep-Mar. Damp situations. Province: South-west.
202. *Cotula coronopifolia L. (Asteraceae)
     Stoloniferous, creeping to upright, succulent annual or perennial, herb, to 0.3 m high. Fl. yellow, Jan-Dec. Dry brown sand, red-brown muddy sand, granite, laterite, ironstone. Along creeks & rivers, floodplains, lower valley slopes, hills, rock crevices and outcrops. Province: South-west.
203. *Cotula turbinata L. (Asteraceae)
     Decumbent to ascending annual, herb, 0.05-0.4 m high. Fl. white, yellow, Jul-Oct. Sandy soils. In lawns, along road verges. Province: South-west.
204. *Cotyledon orbiculata L. (Crassulaceae)
     Succulent shrub, 0.15-0.6 m high. Fl. orange, red, Jan-Feb. Loam or sandy clay. Granitic slopes. Province: South-west.
205. *Crassula tetragona L. (Crassulaceae)
     Succulent shrub, 0.2-0.5 m high. Fl. white, cream, Dec. Sand, brown loam, granite. Province: South-west.
206. *Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr. (Asteraceae)
     Ereect annual or biennial, herb, to 0.75 m high, upper leaves stem-clasping. Fl. yellow, Dec-Jan. Variety of soils. Roadsides,disturbed sites. Province: South-west.
207. *Crepis foetida L. (Asteraceae)
     Rosetted, erect annual or biennial, herb, to 0.45 m high. Fl. yellow, orange, Nov-Dec. Lateritic or sandy soils. Province: South-west.
208. *Crepis foetida L. subsp. foetida (Asteraceae)
     Rosetted, erect annual or biennial, herb, to 0.45 m high. Fl. yellow, Nov-Dec. Red stony sand, grey sand, brown sandy clay or loam, laterite, granite, limestone. Slopes, disturbed areas.
209. *Crotalaria incana L. (Papilionaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, to 1 m high, branches tomentose, pubescent or rusty villous. Fl. yellow. Levee banks. Province: Eremaean.
210. *Crotalaria incana L. subsp. incana (Papilionaceae)
     Erect annual, herb. Fl. yellow. Levee banks. Province: Eremaean.
211. *Crotalaria juncea L. (Papilionaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, to 3 m high. Fl. yellow, Mar-Aug. Clay, black sand, rocky basaltic loam. Floodplains. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
212. *Crotalaria laburnifolia L. (Papilionaceae)
     Slender shrub, 0.5-2 m high. Fl. yellow, Jun-Aug. Province: Northern.
213. *Crotalaria laburnifolia L. subsp. laburnifolia ms (Papilionaceae)
     Slender shrub, 0.5-2 m high. Fl. yellow, Jun-Aug. Sandy soils on sandstone or basalt. Valleys, alluvial flats, creeks. Province: Northern.
214. Crotalaria quinquefolia L. (Papilionaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, to 1 m high. Fl. yellow, Mar. Swamp. Province: Northern.
215. Crotalaria retusa L. (Papilionaceae)
     Erect perennial, herb, 0.5-1.5 m high. Fl. yellow, Mar-Aug. Sand, clay, sandstone, rocky basaltic soils. Along creeks & rivers, floodplains. Province: Northern.
216. Crotalaria verrucosa L. (Papilionaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.2-1 m high. Fl. blue, purple, Feb-Sep. Loam, clay, sand. River & creek banks, rocky hills, sandstone & limestone boulders. Province: Northern.
217. *Cucumis anguria L. (Cucurbitaceae)
     Trailing annual, herb or climber. Cultivated pindan soils. Province: Northern.
218. *Cucumis anguria L. var. anguria (Cucurbitaceae)
     Trailing annual, herb or climber. Cultivated pindan soils. Province: Northern.
219. *Cucumis melo L. (Cucurbitaceae)
     Trailing annual, herb or climber. Fl. yellow, Feb-Jun/Sep-Oct. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
220. *Cucurbita pepo L. (Cucurbitaceae)
     Suckering climber or herb, to 0.2 m high. Fl. yellow. Grey calcareous sand. Disturbed sites.
221. *Cuscuta epithymum (L.) L. (Cuscutaceae)
     Parasitic, twining annual, herb or climber. Fl. white, Aug-Dec. Often sandy soils over limestone or granite. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
222. Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob. (Asteraceae)
     Erect annual or perennial, herb, 0.2-1.1 m high. Fl. pink, purple, blue, white, Jan-Dec. Sand, loam, clay, laterite, haematite. Near permanent water, plateaus, thickets, along tracks. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
223. *Cynara cardunculus L. (Asteraceae)
     Erect, spiny perennial, herb, to 1.5 m high, leaves large, greyish, woolly. Fl. purple, Nov-Feb. Weed of roadsides & pastures, creek beds. Province: South-west.
224. *Datura ferox L. (Solanaceae)
     Stout, bushy annual, herb, 0.5-1 m high. Fl. white, Jan/Apr. Waste grounds & disturbed areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
225. *Datura metel L. (Solanaceae)
     Erect, bushy annual, herb, 0.5-2 m high. Fl. purple, cream, white, Feb-Sep. Sand. Garden escape. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
226. *Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae)
     Stout annual, herb, 0.3-1.2 m high. Fl. white, purple, Jan-Feb. Waste grounds. Province: South-west.
227. *Daucus carota L. (Apiaceae)
     Erect biennial, herb, 0.3-1.5 m high. Fl. white, purple, Nov-Jan. Roadsides. Province: South-west.
228. Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. (Papilionaceae)
     Erect, slender perennial, herb or shrub, 0.5-1.2 m high. Fl. pink, purple, Jan-May. Loam, clay, alluvium. River edges, sandstone screes. Province: Northern.
229. Desmodium heterocarpon (L.) DC. (Papilionaceae)
     Perennial, herb or shrub, to 1 m high. Fl. pink, purple, Jan/May. Sandy peaty soils. Swamps, damp areas. Province: Northern.
230. *Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate annual, herb, to 0.1 m high, with hooked hairs. Fl. pink, red, purple, blue, May-Jul. Red sandy clay. In herbfields, lawns. Province: Northern.
231. Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C.Jeffrey (Cucurbitaceae)
     Perennial, herb or climber, 2-5 m high. Fl. yellow, cream, Mar-Apr. Coastal flats, in vine thickets. Province: Northern.
232. *Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC. (Brassicaceae)
     Erect to ascending annual or biennial, herb, 0.08-0.6 m high. Fl. yellow, Jan-Aug. Sandy soils. Mainly sand dunes & limestone areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
233. *Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. (Brassicaceae)
     Erect perennial, herb, 0.2-1.2 m high. Fl. yellow, Feb-Apr/Sep-Dec. White beach sand. Coastal limestone. Province: South-west.
234. *Dipogon lignosus (L.) Verdc. (Papilionaceae)
     Twining shrub or climber. Fl. white, pink, purple, Sep-Dec. Roadsides. Province: South-west.
235. Disphyma crassifolium (L.) L.Bolus (Aizoaceae)
     Prostrate, succulent shrub, 0.02-0.3 m high, distinguished by the clavate leaves and generally rounded keel. Fl. pink, purple, violet, Jan-Feb/May/Aug-Dec. Sand, loam, clay. Coastal dunes, saline areas inland, samphire flats. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
236. *Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter (Asteraceae)
     Erect, bushy, viscid, aromatic annual, herb, 0.1-0.5(-1) m high. Fl. yellow, white, Jan-Nov. Variety of soils. Weed of waste grounds, along rivers, roadsides. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
237. *Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter (Asteraceae)
     Erect, viscid, aromatic perennial, herb or shrub, 0.3-1.4 m high. Fl. yellow, Feb-May. Sandy peaty or gravelly soils. Swampy areas, roadsides. Province: South-west.
238. Drosera indica L. (Droseraceae)
     Sprawling herb (with fibrous roots), 0.07-0.3(-0.7) m high. Fl. white, pink, orange, red, blue, Mar-Sep. Damp situations beside rivers, creeks, swamps & seepage areas. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
239. *Ecballium elaterium (L.) A.Rich. (Cucurbitaceae)
     Trailing perennial, herb. Fl. yellow. Roadsides. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
240. *Echium plantagineum L. (Boraginaceae)
     Erect annual or biennial, herb, 0.1-0.6(-1) m high. Fl. blue, purple, pink, white, Sep-Jan. Weed of roadsides, vacant lands & disturbed grounds. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
241. Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. (Asteraceae)
     Ascending annual, herb, to 0.7 m high. Fl. white, Jul. Damp areas. Province: Northern and South-west.
242. *Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. (Polygonaceae)
     Erect to prostrate annual, herb. Uncommon agricultural weed. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
243. *Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. (Asteraceae)
     Erect or sometimes straggling annual, herb, 0.15-0.4 m high. Fl. blue, purple, pink, Apr-Jun. Weed of disturbed ground. Province: Northern.
244. *Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. var. sonchifolia (Asteraceae)
     
245. *Epilobium tetragonum L. (Onagraceae)
     Erect, several-stemmed perennial, herb, 0.1-1.3 m high. Fl. pink, purple, red, Feb-Apr. Province: South-west.
246. *Epilobium tetragonum L. subsp. tetragonum (Onagraceae)
     Erect, several-stemmed perennial, herb, 0.1-1.3 m high. Fl. pink, purple, red. Peaty sand. Swamps. Province: South-west.
247. *Erica baccans L. (Ericaceae)
     Slender,erect, woody shrub, to 1 m high. Fl. pink, Aug-Oct. Lateritic gravelly soils. Disturbed sites, hills, Jarrah woodland. Province: South-west.
248. *Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her. (Geraniaceae)
     Decumbent, ascending or erect annual or biennial, herb, 0.02-0.2 m high. Fl. pink, white, May-Oct. A weed of wasteland, crops & pastures. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
249. *Erodium moschatum (L.) L'Her. (Geraniaceae)
     Ascending annual, herb, 0.07-0.4 m high. Fl. pink, Aug-Oct. Disturbed areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
250. *Euphorbia dendroides L. (Euphorbiaceae)
     Erect, spreading, robust shrub, to 1.5 m high. Fl. yellow, green, Aug-Oct. A garden escape. Province: South-west.
251. *Euphorbia helioscopia L. (Euphorbiaceae)
     Erect or ascending annual, herb, to 0.5 m high. Fl. Jul-Oct. Province: South-west.
252. *Euphorbia heterophylla L. (Euphorbiaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.4-2 m high. Fl. Feb-May/Aug. Province: Northern.
253. *Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae)
     Erect or decumbent, much-branched annual, herb, 0.1-0.8 m high. Fl. yellow, green, white, Jan-Oct. Alluvial soils. Often along watercourses. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
254. *Euphorbia hyssopifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae)
     Description unknown. Province: South-west.
255. *Euphorbia lathyrus L. (Euphorbiaceae)
     Erect biennial or annual, herb, 0.5-1.5 m high. Province: South-west.
256. *Euphorbia maculata L. (Euphorbiaceae)
     
257. *Euphorbia paralias L. (Euphorbiaceae)
     Erect, bushy perennial, herb or shrub, 0.2-0.6 m high. Fl. yellow, green, Oct-Jun. White beach sand. Coastal areas, dunes. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
258. *Euphorbia peplus L. (Euphorbiaceae)
     Erect or procumbent annual, herb, 0.05-0.4 m high. Fl. green, yellow, Jul-Jan. Disturbed sites. Province: South-west.
259. *Euphorbia segetalis L. (Euphorbiaceae)
     Erect, ascending annual or perennial (rarely), herb, to 0.35 m high. Province: South-west.
260. *Euphorbia terracina L. (Euphorbiaceae)
     Erect or ascending perennial, herb, 0.1-0.5(-1.2) m high. Fl. green, yellow, Aug-Dec. Sandy & calcareous soils. Disturbed coastal areas, swamps. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
261. *Euphorbia tirucalli L. (Euphorbiaceae)
     Tree or shrub, to 4 m high. Rocky foreshore. Province: Northern.
262. Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. (Convolvulaceae)
     Perennial, herb, 0.05-0.5 m high. Fl. blue, white, Jan-Aug. Sand, loam, clay. Dunes, plains, amongst boulders, along watercourses & drainage lines. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
263. *Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L. (Convolvulaceae)
     Prostrate perennial, herb. Lawn. Province: Northern.
264. *Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A.Love (Polygonaceae)
     Twining annual, herb. Fl. green, white. Weed of crop plants. Province: South-west.
265. *Ficus carica L. (Moraceae)
     Small tree, 1-10 m high. Fl. green, Nov-Jan. Peaty sand over limestone, loam. Along creeks. Province: South-west.
266. Ficus hispida L.f. (Moraceae)
     Dioecious tree, 3-18 m high. Fl. May-Aug. Alluvium, laterite, sandstone scree. Vine thickets. Province: Northern.
267. Ficus hispida L.f. var. hispida (Moraceae)
     Dioecious tree, 3-18 m high. Fl. May-Aug. Alluvium, laterite, sandstone scree. Vine thickets. Province: Northern.
268. Ficus racemosa L. (Moraceae)
     Monoecious tree, 3-30 m high. Fl. Apr-Aug. Alluvium, sand, basaltic loam. Along creeks & rivers. Province: Northern.
269. Ficus racemosa L. var. racemosa (Moraceae)
     Monoecious tree, 3-30 m high. Fl. Apr-Aug. Alluvium, sand, basaltic loam. Along creeks & rivers. Province: Northern.
270. *Filago gallica L. (Asteraceae)
     Erect annual, herb, to 0.2 m high. Fl. yellow, brown, Oct-Dec. Red stony soils. Hillsides, disturbed or winter-wet areas. Province: South-west.
271. Fioria vitifolia (L.) Mattei (Malvaceae)
     Woody perennial, herb or shrub, 1-2 m high. Fl. yellow, Feb-Jun/Oct. Sandy soils, sandstone, loam. Province: Northern.
272. Flemingia lineata (L.) W.T.Aiton (Papilionaceae)
     Erect shrub, to 1.5 m high. Fl. blue, purple, pink, May-Oct. Sandy loamy soils over sandstone. Province: Northern.
273. *Frankenia pulverulenta L. (Frankeniaceae)
     Annual, herb, ca 0.1 m high. Fl. pink, Sep. Saline areas. Province: South-west.
274. *Fumaria capreolata L. (Fumariaceae)
     Climbing or scrambling annual, herb, 0.1-1(-3) m high. Fl. white, red, brown, Aug-Nov. Common on wasteland, road verges. Province: South-west.
275. *Galium aparine L. (Rubiaceae)
     Lax, weak, scrambling or erect annual, herb, 0.05-0.4 m high. Fl. white. Rocky sites. Province: South-west.
276. *Galium murale (L.) All. (Rubiaceae)
     Erect or procumbent annual, herb, 0.02-0.15 m high. Fl. green, yellow, cream, Aug-Dec. Often sandy soils. Winter-wet depressions, rocky run-off areas, along drainage lines. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
277. *Galium spurium L. (Rubiaceae)
     Lax herb, to 0.4 m high. Calcareous sand, grey sand, dark brown gritty loam, red clayey sand, sandy loam, granite, limestone. Slopes of dune ridges, along creek lines, rock outcrops, deep valleys, island plateaus.
278. *Gazania rigens (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae)
     Rhizomatous, herb, to 0.2 m high. Fl. yellow, Dec. Black-grey sands. Slopes, road verges.
279. *Genista linifolia L. (Papilionaceae)
     Erect shrub, 0.45-2.5 m high. Fl. yellow, Aug-Nov. Lateritic soils. Roadsides. Province: South-west.
280. *Genista monspessulana (L.) L.A.S.Johnson (Papilionaceae)
     Erect shrub, 1-3 m high, leaves trifoliolate, petiolate, standard more or less glabrous. Fl. yellow, Sep-Jan. Loam, lateritic sand, black peaty sand. Edging rivers and roadsides. Province: South-west.
281. *Geranium dissectum L. (Geraniaceae)
     Ascending annual, herb, 0.2-0.45 m high. Fl. pink, purple, Oct-Nov. Sand, lateritic loam. Edges of drains, roadsides. Province: South-west.
282. *Geranium molle L. (Geraniaceae)
     Decumbent or ascending, short-lived annual or perennial, herb, 0.15-0.5 m high. Fl. pink, purple, Oct-Nov. Disturbed areas. Province: South-west.
283. *Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Rudolph (Papaveraceae)
     Annual or biennial (rarely), herb. Fl. red. Province: Eremaean.
284. Glinus lotoides L. (Molluginaceae)
     Prostrate to ascending annual or perennial, herb, 0.01-0.2 m high. Fl. white, green, Mar-Oct. Clay loam, alluvium. Edge of billabongs, watercourses & other wetlands. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
285. Glinus oppositifolius (L.) A.DC. (Molluginaceae)
     Prostrate to ascending annual, herb, 0.02-0.1 m high, 0.1-0.8 m wide. Fl. white, pink, Jan-Dec. Sandy soils. Along watercourses, tidal flats. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
286. Glossostigma diandrum (L.) Kuntze (Scrophulariaceae)
     Minute, prostrate, sometimes mat-forming, aquatic or terrestrial annual (ephemeral), herb, 0.001-0.01 m high. Fl. white, purple, May-Oct. Clay or sandy soils. Winter-wet depressions, rock holes, claypans. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
287. *Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L.) W.T.Aiton (Asclepiadaceae)
     Erect perennial, herb or shrub, 0.5-1.5 m high. Fl. white, cream, Feb-Jul. Disturbed sites. Province: South-west.
288. *Gorteria personata L. (Asteraceae)
     Perennial, herb, 0.1-0.5 m high. Fl. Aug-Oct. Clay loam, sandy clay. Red stony country. Province: South-west.
289. *Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae)
     Herb or shrub, to 3 m high. Fl. yellow, white, May-Jul. Irrigated black sand, disturbed pindan. Cultivated areas, along roadside drains, possibly naturalised. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
290. *Grewia asiatica L. (Tiliaceae)
     Tall, spreading shrub, to 4 m high. Black or red soils. Plain, margins of lakes, disturbed ground. Province: Northern.
291. *Hedera helix L. (Araliaceae)
     Climber, to 10 m high. Loam over granite. Woodland along creeks, near farmland. Province: South-west.
292. *Hedypnois rhagadioloides (L.) F.W.Schmidt (Asteraceae)
     Procumbent or erect, rosetted annual, herb, to 0.3 m high. Fl. yellow, Jul-Oct. Yellow-white sand, brown to grey clayey sand, grey-black sandy loam, laterite gravel, limestone, spongolite, granite. Coastal sites, steep slopes, roadverges, railway lines.
293. *Hedypnois rhagadioloides (L.) F.W.Schmidt subsp. rhagadioloides (Asteraceae)
     Open, spreading, rosetted annual, herb. Fl. yellow, Oct. Grey sandy loam over spongolite, black loamy sand over granite. Coastal regions, low exposed headland.
294. *Helianthus annuus L. (Asteraceae)
     Erect, woody annual, herb, (0.3-)0.6-3 m high. Fl. yellow, Aug-Apr. Weed of habitation, roadsides & waste land in dry places. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
295. *Helianthus tuberosus L. (Asteraceae)
     Erect rhizomatous, perennial, herb, to 4 m high, widely cultivated for its edible tubers. Fl. yellow, Dec. Moist soils. Roadsides, waste places. Province: South-west.
296. Helichrysum luteoalbum (L.) Rchb. (Asteraceae)
     Erect, densely lanate annual, herb, to 0.7 m high. Fl. cream, yellow, white, pink, Jan-Dec. Sand, loam, clay and peaty soils over limestone, granite, laterite, sandstone, gypsum. Plains, hillsides, riverbanks, wetlands, drainage areas.
297. Helicteres angustifolia L. (Sterculiaceae)
     Shrub, to 2 m high. Sand. Along creek banks. Province: Northern.
298. *Heliophila pusilla L.f. (Brassicaceae)
     Slender, erect to procumbent annual, herb, 0.05-0.5 m high. Fl. white, Aug-Nov. Sandy soils, mostly over limestone. Province: South-west.
299. Heliotropium curassavicum L. (Boraginaceae)
     Prostrate or ascending annual or perennial (short-lived), herb, 0.1-0.2(-0.6) m high. Fl. white, blue, May-Jan. Saline & sandy soils, clay. Near salt swamps, samphire flats, along drainage lines, winter-wet depressions. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
300. *Heliotropium europaeum L. (Boraginaceae)
     Annual, herb, 0.1-0.3(-0.6) m high. Fl. white, Jan-Dec. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
301. *Heliotropium indicum L. (Boraginaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, to 0.5 m high. Fl. blue, purple, Jul/Oct. Grey clay, black peaty clay. Wetlands, intertidal flats, peaty soaks, lake fringes, river banks. Province: Northern.
302. *Heliotropium supinum L. (Boraginaceae)
     Usually prostrate annual, herb, to 0.1(-0.25) m high. Province: Eremaean.
303. *Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub (Asteraceae)
     Stout annual or perennial, herb, 0.3-1 m high. Fl. yellow, Nov-Jan. Weed of waste places. Province: South-west.
304. Herissantia crispa (L.) Brizicky (Malvaceae)
     Semi-prostrate or ascending annual or perennial, herb, 0.2-0.9 m high, to 1 m wide. Fl. yellow, Mar-Aug. Sandy soils. Swamps, coastal areas. Province: Northern.
305. *Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae)
     Annual, herb, to 1.1 m high. Fl. yellow, red, May-Jul. Sand, red loam, brown-black clay. River levee, paddocks. Province: Northern.
306. Hibiscus tiliaceus L. (Malvaceae)
     Spreading tree, to 5 m high. Fl. yellow, Aug. Saline. Swamps, margins of saline coastal plains and pindan plains. Province: Northern.
307. Hibiscus trionum L. (Malvaceae)
     Short-lived annual or perennial, herb, to 1 m high. Fl. cream, yellow, pink, Jan-Jul. Black cracking clay. Weed of wasteland & agricultural land, found along drainage lines. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
308. *Hibiscus trionum L. var. trionum (Malvaceae)
     Short-lived annual or perennial, herb, to 1 m high. Fl. cream, yellow, Jan-Apr. Weed of wasteland & agricultural land. Province: South-west.
309. *Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.-Foss. (Brassicaceae)
     Annual or biennial or perennial (occasionally), herb, to 1 m high. Fl. yellow, Dec-Jan. Sandy soils. Province: South-west.
310. *Hornungia procumbens (L.) Hayek (Brassicaceae)
     Procumbent to erect annual, herb, 0.02-0.3 m high, leaves basal and cauline, ovules (3-)5-10 per locule. Fl. white, Jul-Sep. Sand over limestone. Coastal areas, salt lakes. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
311. *Humulus lupulus L. (Ulmaceae)
     Climber, 3 m high. Fl. green, Apr. Peat over clay. Riverine marshland. Province: South-west.
312. Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. (Violaceae)
     Perennial, herb or shrub, 0.15-0.5(-1) m high. Fl. blue, purple, Jan-May/Oct. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
313. Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. subsp. enneaspermus (Violaceae)
     Perennial, herb or shrub, 0.15-0.5(-1) m high. Fl. blue, purple, Jan-May/Oct. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
314. *Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f. (Apiaceae)
     Aquatic, stoloniferous herb. Fl. Dec-Feb. Rivers, creeks, freshwater streams of the coastal plains. Province: South-west.
315. Hydrolea zeylanica (L.) Vahl (Hydrophyllaceae)
     Erect perennial, herb, to 1.5 m high. Fl. blue. Along creeks. Province: Northern.
316. *Hypericum canariense L. (Clusiaceae)
     Tall, slender, erect, compact shrub, to 3 m high. Fl. yellow, Feb/Nov. Brown clayey sand, grey sandy clay, loam, laterite. Flats, creeklines, road verges. Province: South-west.
317. *Hypericum perforatum L. (Clusiaceae)
     Erect perennial, herb, 0.3-0.9 m high. Fl. yellow, Nov-Dec. Roadsides, pastures. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
318. *Hypochaeris glabra L. (Asteraceae)
     Rosetted annual or perennial, herb, 0.08-0.5 m high, leaves smooth; flower heads up to 1.5 cm across. Fl. yellow, Jan-Dec. Common weed of lawns, horticultural areas, roadsides & bushland. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
319. *Hypochaeris radicata L. (Asteraceae)
     Rosetted annual, herb, 0.08-0.5 m high, leaves rough, bristly; flower heads up to 3 cm across. Fl. yellow, Jan-Dec. Common weed of lawns, horticultural areas, roadsides & bushland. Province: South-west.
320. *Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. (Lamiaceae)
     Upright, strongly aromatic annual or perennial, herb, 0.5-3 m high. Fl. purple, blue, violet, Mar-Aug. Along river banks, roadsides, waste areas & clearings. Province: Northern.
321. Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W.T.Aiton (Apocynaceae)
     Climber. Fl. white, cream, yellow, Jan-Mar. Rocky loam, loam over sandstone or laterite. Amongst sandstone rocks, outcrops, gullies, plateaus. Province: Northern.
322. *Illecebrum verticillatum L. (Caryophyllaceae)
     Slender, spreading decumbent annual, herb, 0.05-0.2 m high, forming mossy swards. Fl. white. Granite outcrop. Province: South-west.
323. Indigofera hirsuta L. (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate, spreading or erect, woody annual or perennial (short-lived), herb, 0.2-0.6(-1.4) m high. Fl. red, orange, pink, Jan-Sep. Sandy soils. Along creek lines, near swamps or stock dams, rocky sandstone hills. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
324. Indigofera linifolia (L.f.) Retz. (Papilionaceae)
     Erect or spreading, woody annual or perennial, herb, (0.03-)0.1-0.6 m high. Fl. pink, red, Mar-Sep. Sandy soils. Alluvial flats, sandstone slopes, along drainage lines. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
325. Indigofera trifoliata L. (Papilionaceae)
     Woody perennial, herb, to 1 m high. Fl. red, Feb-May. Lateritic soils. Province: Northern.
326. Indigofera trita L.f. (Papilionaceae)
     Spreading to erect annual or perennial (short-lived), herb or shrub, 0.3-0.6(-0.8) m high. Fl. orange, red, pink, Jan-May/Sep-Nov. Clay, sandy or loamy soils over limestone or sandstone. Rocky coasts, alluvial plains, stony hills. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
327. Indigofera trita L.f. subsp. trita (Papilionaceae)
     
328. *Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Convolvulaceae)
     Climber. Fl. purple, blue, Jun-Jul. Gardens. Province: Northern and South-west.
329. *Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet (Convolvulaceae)
     Climber. Fl. purple, blue, pink, Feb-Dec. Commonly grown in gardens, apparently naturalised. Province: Northern and South-west.
330. Ipomoea coptica (L.) Roth (Convolvulaceae)
     Prostrate or twining annual, herb or climber, 0.1-1 m high. Fl. white, Feb-Jun. Sandy, clay & loamy soils. Along watercourses, damp depressions. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
331. *Ipomoea hederifolia L. (Convolvulaceae)
     Twining perennial, herb or climber. Fl. red, May-Jul. Province: Northern.
332. Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth (Convolvulaceae)
     Prostrate or twining annual or perennial, herb or climber. Fl. pink, purple, blue, Feb-Aug. Sandy soils, alluvium, clay. Province: Northern.
333. Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R.Br. (Convolvulaceae)
     Prostrate, creeping or trailing perennial, herb. Fl. pink, purple, Jan-Nov. Beach sand, clay loam. Coastal or near-coastal areas. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
334. *Ipomoea pes-tigridis L. (Convolvulaceae)
     Annual, herb or climber. Red loam. Grassland on river levee. Province: Northern.
335. *Ipomoea quamoclit L. (Convolvulaceae)
     Usually climbing annual, herb, to 1 m high. Fl. red, Jan/Apr-May. Sandy & loamy soils. Along tracks & creeks, waste grounds. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
336. *Ipomoea triloba L. (Convolvulaceae)
     Perennial, herb or climber. Fl. purple, Aug-Sep. Disturbed pindan. Banks of billabongs in floodplains. Province: Northern.
337. *Jatropha gossypifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae)
     Erect, viscid shrub, 0.7-1.5(-4) m high. Fl. red, brown, Feb-May. Disturbed areas, often near rivers. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
338. *Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort. (Scrophulariaceae)
     Annual, herb. Fl. yellow, purple, violet, Nov-Apr. Gravelly soils, laterite. Weed of settled & cultivated areas. Province: South-west.
339. *Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort. subsp. elatine (Scrophulariaceae)
     Prostrate annual, herb, pedicels glabrous except just below the flower. Fl. yellow, purple, violet, Nov-Apr. Gravelly lateritic soils. Weed of settled & cultivated areas. Province: South-west.
340. *Kickxia spuria (L.) Dumort. (Scrophulariaceae)
     Prostrate, trailing annual, herb. Fl. yellow, purple, red, Jan-Feb/May. Roadsides, drains. Province: South-west.
341. *Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet (Papilionaceae)
     Short-lived annual or perennial, herb or climber, to 2 m high, to 6 m wide. Fl. white, pink, purple, Mar/Jun-Jul. Sand, clayey loam, limestone. Coastal areas, plains, paddocks, disturbed grounds. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
342. *Lactuca saligna L. (Asteraceae)
     Rigid, erect annual or biennial, herb, to 1 m high. Fl. yellow, Jan-May. Along drainlines. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
343. *Lactuca serriola L. (Asteraceae)
     Erect annual or biennial, herb, 0.4-2 m high. Fl. yellow, Oct-Feb. Roadsides, gardens, cultivated fields, disturbed sites. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
344. *Lactuca serriola L. forma serriola (Asteraceae)
     Erect, climbing herb (with spiny leaves), to 2 m high. Fl. yellow, Nov - Jan. White to brown sand, red loam, brown gravelly loam, black-brown alluvium. Dunes, flats, river banks, valleys, drainage lines.
345. *Lamium amplexicaule L. (Lamiaceae)
     Weak annual, herb, to 0.4 m high. Fl. pink, purple, Aug-Oct. Weed of crops & disturbed areas. Province: South-west.
346. *Lampranthus glaucus (L.) N.E.Br. (Aizoaceae)
     Shrub, 0.1-0.3 m high. Fl. yellow, Aug-Oct. Sand. Roadsides. Province: South-west.
347. *Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae)
     Scrambling, prickly shrub or climber, to 3(-8) m high. Fl. cream, yellow, pink, purple, orange, red, Mar/Jun-Aug. Sandy soils. Moist areas. Province: Northern and South-west.
348. *Lantana camara L. var. camara (Verbenaceae)
     Scrambling, prickly shrub or climber, to 3(-8) m high. Fl. cream, yellow, pink, purple, orange, red, Mar/Jun-Aug. Sandy soils. Moist areas. Province: South-west.
349. Laportea interrupta (L.) Chew (Urticaceae)
     Monoecious annual, herb, 0.05-2 m high, stems & leaves with irritant hairs. Fl. white, cream, green, Jan-Mar. Loam over sandstone. Vine thickets. Province: Northern.
350. *Lathyrus latifolius L. (Papilionaceae)
     Climber. Fl. purple, pink, white, Nov-Feb. Sandy & lateritic soils. Roadsides, damp depressions. Province: South-west.
351. *Lathyrus tingitanus L. (Papilionaceae)
     Twining annual or perennial, herb or climber, to 3 m high. Fl. pink, purple, Oct-Nov. Sandy, loamy or clayey soils. Roadsides, stream banks, drains. Province: South-west.
352. *Lavandula dentata L. (Lamiaceae)
     Shrub, to 1 m high. Fl. purple, blue, Jul/Nov. Province: South-west.
353. *Lavandula stoechas L. (Lamiaceae)
     Aromatic shrub, 0.3-1 m high. Fl. purple, Jul-Dec. Variety of soils. Often on road verges. Province: South-west.
354. *Lavatera trimestris L. (Malvaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, to 0.5 m high. Fl. white, pink, red, blue, purple. Weed of wasteland. Province: South-west.
355. Lechenaultia galactites L.W.Sage (Goodeniaceae)
     Erect, robust shrub (sub-shrub), to 0.6 m high. Fl. blue, white, Jun-Oct. Yellow sand, clay, gravel, laterite. Sandplains. Province: South-west. Conservation status: P3
356. *Leonotis leonurus (L.) W.T.Aiton (Lamiaceae)
     Shrub, to 3 m high. Fl. orange, Jan-Apr/Nov. Sandy soils. Province: South-west.
357. *Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) W.T.Aiton (Lamiaceae)
     Annual or perennial, herb or shrub, to 3 m high. Fl. orange, red, Jul-Sep/Dec. Grey sand. Vacant or disturbed land, savannah near creekline. Province: Northern and South-west.
358. *Leontodon hispidus L. (Asteraceae)
     Herb. Fl. yellow, Dec. Roadsides. Province: South-west.
359. *Leontodon hispidus L. subsp. hispidus (Asteraceae)
     Herb. Fl. yellow, Dec. Roadsides. Province: South-west.
360. *Lepidium bonariense L. (Brassicaceae)
     Erect annual or biennial, herb, to 0.6 m high. Fl. white, green, Nov-Jan. Disturbed sites. Province: South-west.
361. *Lepidium didymum L. (Brassicaceae)
     Prostrate annual, herb, to 0.2 m high. Fl. cream, white, green, Feb/Aug-Oct. Sandy clay, sandy loam, peat, granite, limestone. Aquatic sites, slopes, rocky cliffs, road verges. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
362. *Lepidium draba L. (Brassicaceae)
     Procumbent to erect perennial, herb, 0.15-0.9 m high. Fl. white. Weed of agricultural land. Province: South-west.
363. *Lepidium perfoliatum L. (Brassicaceae)
     Erect annual or biennial, herb, (0.1-)0.2-0.4 m high. Fl. pink, yellow. Province: South-west.
364. *Lessertia frutescens (L.) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning (Papilionaceae)
     Erect, soft shrub, to 1.7 m high. Fl. orange, Jan. Sand, peaty sand, limestone, laterite. Watercourses, roadsides disturbed areas. Province: South-west.
365. *Limonium lobatum (L.f.) Chaz. (Plumbaginaceae)
     Rosetted perennial, herb. Fl. blue, Jul-Dec. Disturbed areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
366. *Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill. (Plumbaginaceae)
     Rosetted perennial, herb, 0.15-0.6 m high. Fl. white, cream, yellow, blue, Jan-May/Sep-Dec. Disturbed areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
367. *Lindernia crustacea L. (Scrophulariaceae)
     Prostrate or creeping, stoloniferous annual, herb, to 0.3 m high. Fl. blue, purple, Feb-Apr/Jul. In lawns. Lawn in deep shade. Province: Northern.
368. *Linum trigynum L. (Linaceae)
     Erect, slender annual, herb, 0.1-0.4 m high. Fl. yellow, Sep-Mar. In damp situations. Province: South-west.
369. *Linum usitatissimum L. (Linaceae)
     Erect, robust annual, herb, 0.3-1 m high. Fl. blue, white, May-Jul/Oct-Nov. Widely cultivated. Province: South-west.
370. *Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. (Brassicaceae)
     Ascending perennial, herb, 0.05-0.2(-0.4) m high. Fl. white, pink, purple, Jan/Apr-May/Sep-Dec. Disturbed sites. Province: South-west.
371. *Lotus angustissimus L. (Papilionaceae)
     Slender, diffuse, prostrate or ascending annual or perennial, herb, 0.02-0.2 m high. Fl. yellow, Sep-Jan. Sandy soils. Disturbed or cultivated areas. Province: South-west.
372. Ludwigia perennis L. (Onagraceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.2-1.5 m high. Fl. yellow, Mar-Aug. Moist, sandy or clayey soils. Edges of creeks, pools & swamps. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
373. *Lupinus albus L. (Papilionaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.3-1.6 m high. Fl. white, Oct. Cultivated, occasionally naturalised in disturbed areas. Province: South-west.
374. *Lupinus angustifolius L. (Papilionaceae)
     Erect, much-branched annual, herb, 0.2-1.5 m high. Fl. blue, white, Jul-Nov. Cultivated, occasionally naturalised in disturbed areas. Province: South-west.
375. *Lupinus luteus L. (Papilionaceae)
     Spreading or erect annual, herb, 0.2-1 m high. Fl. yellow, Aug-Nov. Sandy soils. Cultivated, occasionally naturalised in disturbed areas. Province: South-west.
376. *Lythrum hyssopifolia L. (Lythraceae)
     Decumbent or ascending annual, herb, 0.05-0.2(-0.5) m high, flowers solitary, hypanthium without pigmented spots at base, petals 2-4 mm long. Fl. pink, purple, Sep-Jan. Peaty sand, sandy clay. Moist disturbed habitats. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
377. *Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urb. (Papilionaceae)
     Usually erect or somewhat trailing annual or biennial, herb, to 1.5 m high. Fl. pink, red, cream, green, purple, Mar-Jun. Sand, clay. Roadsides, waste grounds, banks of rivers & channels. Province: Northern.
378. *Malva parviflora L. (Malvaceae)
     Erect or decumbent annual or perennial, herb, 0.05-1.2 m high. Fl. blue, purple, pink, white, Mar/Jul-Nov. Sandy & clayey soils. Disturbed areas. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
379. *Malvastrum americanum (L.) Torr. (Malvaceae)
     Erect perennial, herb or shrub, 0.5-1.3 m high. Fl. yellow, orange, Apr-Jul. Orange/red/yellow sands, gritty alluvial sand, black/brown clay, alluvial cracking clays, limestone, calcrete. Stony ridges and hillsides, floodplains, along drainage lines. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
380. *Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke (Malvaceae)
     Annual or perennial, herb or shrub, 0.2-0.5(-1.5) m high. Fl. yellow, Jun-Aug. Black soil, calcrete. Adjacent to swamps, around springs, on disturbed levee crest. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
381. *Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae)
     Tree, to 20 m high, leaves dark, glossy green. Fl. white. Black peaty soil. Fringing creek. Province: Northern.
382. *Marrubium vulgare L. (Lamiaceae)
     Erect, spreading, felty perennial, herb, to 0.8 m high. Fl. white, Oct-May. Near-coastal sand & limestone. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
383. *Matricaria recutita L. (Asteraceae)
     Pleasantly aromatic annual, herb, 0.1-0.6 m high. Fl. yellow, Nov-Jan. Roadside. Province: South-west.
384. *Matthiola incana (L.) R.Br. (Brassicaceae)
     Stout perennial, herb (woody at base), 0.2-1 m high. Fl. purple, pink, white, Aug-Oct/Jan. Sand over limestone. Province: South-west.
385. *Medicago arabica (L.) Huds. (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate or spreading annual, herb. Fl. yellow, Sep-Nov. Province: South-west.
386. *Medicago intertexta (L.) Mill. (Papilionaceae)
     Annual, herb, to 0.5 m high. Fl. yellow, Sep-Oct. Province: South-west.
387. *Medicago intertexta (L.) Mill. var. intertexta (Papilionaceae)
     Robust, decumbent or ascending annual, herb, to 0.5 m high. Fl. yellow, Sep-Oct. Province: South-west.
388. *Medicago laciniata (L.) Mill. (Papilionaceae)
     Annual, herb, to 0.4 m high. Fl. yellow, Aug-Oct. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
389. *Medicago laciniata (L.) Mill. var. laciniata (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate or ascending annual, herb, to 0.4 m high. Fl. yellow, Aug-Oct. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
390. *Medicago lupulina L. (Papilionaceae)
     Procumbent or ascending annual or perennial (short-lived), herb. Fl. yellow, Oct-Nov/Feb. Province: South-west.
391. *Medicago minima (L.) Bartal. (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate annual, herb, to 0.03 m high. Fl. yellow, Jul-Sep. Sand, clay & loam, stony. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
392. *Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal. (Papilionaceae)
     Procumbent annual, herb, fruits spineless. Fl. yellow. Province: Eremaean.
393. *Medicago polymorpha L. (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate or ascending annual, herb, 0.04-0.2 m high, to 0.5 m wide. Fl. yellow, Jan-Feb/May-Nov. Sandy & loamy soils. Roadsides, agricultural & pastoral areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
394. *Medicago sativa L. (Papilionaceae)
     Erect or sprawling perennial, herb, to 0.5 m high. Fl. violet, purple, Oct-Feb. Sandy & clayey soils. Roadsides, agricultural & pastoral areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
395. *Medicago scutellata (L.) Mill. (Papilionaceae)
     Annual, herb, fruits spineless. Fl. yellow. Province: South-west.
396. Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) L. (Myrtaceae)
     Tree, 5-30 m high. Fl. green, cream, white, Mar-Oct. Sand, alluvium, sandstone. Along watercourses, swamps. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
397. Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae)
     Deciduous tree, 2-15 m high, naturalised in the Perth Region. Fl. white, pink, purple, Sep-Nov. Sandstone, limestone. Floodplains, ridges, gorges. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
398. *Melianthus major L. (Melianthaceae)
     Erect shrub, to 3 m high. Fl. red, brown, Oct. Roadsides, garden escape. Province: South-west.
399. *Melilotus indicus (L.) All. (Papilionaceae)
     Erect or sprawling annual or biennial, herb, 0.1-0.5(-1) m high. Fl. yellow, Aug-May. Sandy soils, limestone. Waste places, road verges, river & creek banks. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
400. Melochia corchorifolia L. (Sterculiaceae)
     Erect annual or perennial (short-lived), herb, (0.1-)0.4-1(-2) m high. Fl. pink, red, purple, Feb-Sep. Sand, basalt rock, loam. Damp or seasonally wet areas, river & creek beds. Province: Northern.
401. *Melochia pyramidata L. (Sterculiaceae)
     Sprawling to erect annual or perennial, herb or shrub, 0.3-1.5 m high. Fl. white, pink, blue, purple, Mar-Oct. Alluvium, sand, black clay. Along rivers & creeks. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
402. *Mentha aquatica L. (Lamiaceae)
     Rhizomatous, perennial, herb, leaves toothed, heart shaped. Fl. pink, mauve, Dec-Feb. Province: South-west.
403. *Mentha pulegium L. (Lamiaceae)
     Highly aromatic, prostrate to ascending rhizomatous, perennial, herb, 0.15-0.7 m high. Fl. blue, purple, pink, Sep/Dec-Mar. Sandy or clay, usually damp soils. Winter-wet flats, creeklines, swamps. Province: South-west.
404. *Mentha spicata L. (Lamiaceae)
     Aromatic rhizomatous, perennial, herb, to 1 m high. Fl. purple, red, pink, Dec-Feb. Damp areas. Province: South-west.
405. *Mentha x piperita L. (Lamiaceae)
     Aromatic rhizomatous, perennial, herb, 0.2-1 m high. Fl. blue, purple, pink, Dec-May. Sandy clay or clay, peaty sand. Swampy areas, lake edges, river banks, disturbed grounds. Province: South-west.
406. *Mercurialis annua L. (Euphorbiaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.2-0.6 m high. Fl. green, Oct. Sand.
407. *Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urb. (Convolvulaceae)
     Sprawling or scrambling perennial, herb or climber. Fl. white, May-Jun. Disturbed areas, water drains. Province: Northern.
408. Merremia umbellata (L.) Hallier f. (Convolvulaceae)
     Twining climber. Fl. white, Jun.
409. *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. (Aizoaceae)
     Prostrate, succulent annual or biennial, herb, 0.1-0.15 m high. Fl. white, Sep-Dec. Sand, clay loam. Coastal sand dunes, saline flats, roadsides. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
410. *Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum L. (Aizoaceae)
     Prostrate or erect, succulent annual, herb, 0.02-0.2 m high. Fl. white, Sep-Nov. Sandy clay, loam, clay loam. Claypans, saline areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
411. Mimusops elengi L. (Sapotaceae)
     Tree or shrub, 2-16 m high. Fl. white, Jan-Sep. Sandy soils, sandstone, basalt. Coastal or near-coastal areas. Province: Northern.
412. *Mirabilis jalapa L. (Nyctaginaceae)
     Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.5-1 m high. Fl. pink, red, yellow, Feb-Apr/Dec. Black or brown sand. Vacant blocks, drainage sumps, near railroads. Province: South-west.
413. *Misopates orontium (L.) Raf. (Scrophulariaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, (0.05-)0.15-0.5(-0.7) m high. Fl. pink, Jul-Nov. Weed in settled areas. Province: South-west.
414. *Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don (Malvaceae)
     Prostrate to ascending perennial, herb. Fl. yellow, red, Oct-Mar. Roadsides. Province: South-west.
415. *Moenchia erecta (L.) P.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. (Caryophyllaceae)
     Slender, erect annual, herb, 0.05-0.14 m high. Fl. white, Oct. Sandy soils. Province: South-west.
416. Mollugo cerviana (L.) Ser. (Molluginaceae)
     Erect annual (ephemeral), herb, 0.03-0.2 m high. Fl. white, Apr. Saline sand, sandy clay. Sand dunes, edges of salt lakes. Province: Eremaean.
417. *Moluccella laevis L. (Lamiaceae)
     Annual, herb, to 0.7 m high. Fl. white, pink. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
418. *Momordica balsamina L. (Cucurbitaceae)
     Trailing annual or perennial, herb or climber. Fl. yellow, Jun-Jul. Sandy soils. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
419. *Monopsis debilis (L.f.) C.Presl (Lobeliaceae)
     Slender, erect or sprawling annual, herb, 0.05-0.2 m high. Fl. blue, purple, Oct-Jan. Sandy peaty or clayey soils. Winter-wet depressions, swamps. Province: South-west.
420. Morinda citrifolia L. (Rubiaceae)
     Tree or shrub, 1-6 m high. Fl. white, Apr-Sep. Shallow skeletal soils. In rocky crevices on coastal sandstone hillsides, cliffs & outcrops. Province: Northern.
421. *Morus alba L. (Moraceae)
     Tree, to 9 m high. Swampy black sand. Riverside cliff. Province: South-west.
422. Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M.Roem. (Cucurbitaceae)
     Trailing perennial, herb or climber. Fl. yellow, Mar-Oct. Sandy soils. Variety of habitats. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
423. Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack (Rutaceae)
     Shrub or tree, 1-5 m high. Fl. white, cream, yellow. Sand, loam over sandstone, basalt. Coastal areas, creeklines, scree slopes. Province: Northern.
424. *Myosurus minimus L. (Ranunculaceae)
     Erect, rosetted annual, herb, 0.03-0.15 m high. Fl. green, yellow, Aug-Sep. Red loamy clay. Edges freshwater claypans. Province: Eremaean.
425. Nauclea orientalis (L.) L. (Rubiaceae)
     Tree, to 21 m high. Fl. yellow, May-Nov. Peaty soils. Along creeks & rivers. Province: Northern.
426. *Nerium oleander L. (Apocynaceae)
     Widely spread, erect shrub, to 5 m high. Along edge of river at base of limestone cliffs. Province: Northern and South-west.
427. *Nicandra physalodes (L.) P.Gaertn. (Solanaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.5-2 m high. Fl. blue, pruple, white, Jan-Feb/Sep. Garden escape. Province: South-west.
428. Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze (Menyanthaceae)
     Aquatic perennial, herb. Fl. white, May-Sep. In still to slow-flowing freshwater. Pools, lagoons of rivers creeks, floodplains. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
429. *Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae)
     Aromatic annual or perennial, herb, to 0.6 m high. Fl. blue, purple, pink, white, Feb-Aug. Sandy soils. Disturbed areas. Province: Northern and South-west.
430. Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (Lamiaceae)
     Aromatic annual or perennial, herb, to 0.6 m high. Fl. white, purple, Feb-Sep. Disturbed areas. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
431. *Oenothera mollissima L. (Onagraceae)
     Annual or perennial, herb, 0.15-1 m high. Fl. yellow, Nov/Mar. Sandy soils. Roadverges, railway lines. Province: South-west.
432. Oldenlandia corymbosa L. (Rubiaceae)
     Prostrate to decumbent annual, herb. Fl. white, Feb-Jun/Nov. Sandy clay, loam. Disturbed ground. Province: Northern.
433. Oldenlandia corymbosa L. var. corymbosa (Rubiaceae)
     Prostrate to decumbent annual, herb. Fl. white, Feb-Jun/Nov. Sandy clay, loam. Disturbed ground. Province: Northern.
434. *Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae)
     Tree, 1-15 m high. Fl. white, Oct-Nov. Province: South-west.
435. *Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea (Oleaceae)
     Tree or shrub, 1-15 m high. Fl. white, Oct-Nov. Cultivated & apparently naturalised. Province: South-west.
436. *Oligocarpus calendulaceus (L.f.) Less. (Asteraceae)
     Open, prostrate to decumbent annual, herb, 0.05-0.6 m high. Fl. yellow, Feb-May/Oct. Calcareous loam, red clay loam, sandy clay, ironstone. Flat marine plains, depressions, disturbed sites, road verges. Province: Eremaean.
437. *Oncosiphon piluliferum (L.f.) Kallersjo (Asteraceae)
     Erect annual, herb, to 0.7 m high. Fl. yellow, Sep. Variety of soils including sand and gravel. Valleys, near salt lakes, along track edges, in disturbed woodlands & agricultural sites. Province: South-west.
438. *Oncosiphon suffruticosum (L.) Kallersjo (Asteraceae)
     Erect, spreading, aromatic annual, herb, to 1 m high. Fl. yellow, Sep-Dec. Red clay loam, red-brown gravelly clay loam, granite, limestone. Seasonally inundated areas, clay pans, paddocks, road verges. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
439. *Onopordum acaulon L. (Asteraceae)
     Spiny, woolly biennial, herb, to 1 m high. Fl. purple, Jul/Oct-Dec. Weed of pastures, arable land & roadsides. Province: South-west.
440. *Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso (Convolvulaceae)
     Perennial, herb or climber. Fl. white, Aug. Damp lake margins. Province: Northern.
441. *Orbea variegata (L.) Haw. (Asclepiadaceae)
     Prostrate, succulent herb. Calcareous soils. Plain above salt lake, highly disturbed site. Province: Eremaean.
442. *Ornithopus compressus L. (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate or decumbent annual, herb, 0.04-0.07 m high, 0.15-0.6 m wide. Fl. yellow, Aug-Jan. Sandy soils. Disturbed areas, roadsides, paddocks, swamps. Province: South-west.
443. *Oxalis corniculata L. (Oxalidaceae)
     Creeping annual, herb, 0.02-0.2 m high. Fl. yellow, May/Aug-Nov. A weed of lawns & gardens. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
444. *Oxalis flava L. (Oxalidaceae)
     Bulbaceous and rhizomatous, perennial, herb. Fl. yellow, May. Roadsides. Province: South-west.
445. *Oxalis hirta L. (Oxalidaceae)
     Bulbaceous, perennial, herb. Fl. pink, purple. Province: South-west.
446. *Oxalis incarnata L. (Oxalidaceae)
     Spreading bulbaceous, perennial, herb, 0.1-0.2 m high. Fl. pink, purple, Aug-Nov. Disturbed areas, creeklines, roadsides. Province: South-west.
447. *Oxalis pes-caprae L. (Oxalidaceae)
     Bulbaceous and rhizomatous, perennial, herb, 0.1-0.3 m high. Fl. yellow, Jun-Oct. A common weed. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
448. *Oxalis purpurea L. (Oxalidaceae)
     Bulbaceous, perennial, herb, 0.05-0.17 m high. Fl. pink, purple , white, May-Sep. Roadsides, vacant lands. Province: South-west.
449. *Oxalis violacea L. (Oxalidaceae)
     Bulbaceous, perennial, herb. Fl. purple, pink, blue, Nov/Feb. Province: South-west.
450. *Papaver hybridum L. (Papaveraceae)
     Annual, herb, to 0.3 m high. Fl. purple, red, pink, Sep-Nov. Disturbed areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
451. *Papaver rhoeas L. (Papaveraceae)
     Hispid annual, herb, to 0.9 m high. Fl. red, white, Sep-Oct. Province: South-west.
452. *Papaver somniferum L. (Papaveraceae)
     Annual, herb, to 0.4 m high, glabrous sepals, pale filaments, glabrous or only very sparsely setose upper leaf surfaces. Fl. pink, Sep-Oct. Grey black sand. Herbfields, vacant land. Province: South-west.
453. *Parentucellia latifolia (L.) Caruel (Scrophulariaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.05-0.3(-0.4) m high. Fl. red, purple, white, Aug-Dec. Sandy or clayey soils. Often associated with granite. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
454. *Parentucellia viscosa (L.) Caruel (Scrophulariaceae)
     Erect, viscid annual or biennial (rarely), herb, (0.05-)0.1-0.6 m high. Fl. yellow, Aug-Jan. Sandy, clay or lateritic soils. Swampy areas, granite outcrops. Province: South-west.
455. *Parietaria judaica L. (Urticaceae)
     Perennial, herb. Fl. green. Sand. Limestone cliffs. Province: South-west.
456. *Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Caesalpiniaceae)
     Spiny shrub or tree, to 8 m high. Fl. yellow, Mar-Dec. Sandy or clayey soils. Often along watercourses. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
457. *Passiflora foetida L. (Passifloraceae)
     Woody climber (vine with an unpleasent smell), to 9 m high. Fl. cream, white, blue, Feb-Nov. Coastal areas, river & creek banks. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
458. *Pastinaca sativa L. (Apiaceae)
     Erect biennial, herb, 0.3-1.8 m high. Fl. white, yellow, Oct-Dec. Black peaty sand. Edges of swamps & drains. Province: South-west.
459. *Pelargonium alchemilloides (L.) L'Her. (Geraniaceae)
     Rhizomatous, prostrate perennial, herb. Fl. white, Jan. Grey sand. Low dunes. Province: South-west.
460. *Pelargonium capitatum (L.) L'Her. (Geraniaceae)
     Straggling, shrubby perennial, herb, 0.1-1 m high. Fl. pink, purple, white, Feb-Apr/Aug-Dec. Sand. Coastal sand dunes & limestone. Province: South-west.
461. *Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth (Piperaceae)
     Sprawling, succulent annual, herb, to 0.2 m high. Fl. green, Sep. Permanently wet red pindan loam. Province: Northern.
462. Peplidium maritimum (L.f.) Wettst. (Scrophulariaceae)
     Prostrate terrestrial or floating aquatic annual, herb. Fl. white, pink, purple, Mar-Jun. Salt marshes, tidal mud flats. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
463. Persicaria barbata (L.) H.Hara (Polygonaceae)
     Terrestrial or aquatic perennial, herb, 0.3-1 m high. Fl. white, cream, green, pink, Mar-Jul/Nov. In or beside creeks & swamps. Province: Northern.
464. Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach (Polygonaceae)
     Erect perennial, herb, 0.7-1.5 m high, to 1.5 m wide. Fl. white, green, Apr/Dec. Damp areas. Province: South-west.
465. *Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Gray (Polygonaceae)
     Erect or ascending annual or biennial, herb, 0.8-1.8 m high. Fl. white, pink, Aug-May. Sandy mud, black mud, coarse clay loam. Damp situations, floodplains, margins of pools, creeks & rivers. Province: Northern and South-west.
466. *Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach (Polygonaceae)
     Erect herb, to 2 m high. Fl. pink, May. In shallow water. Province: South-west.
467. Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene (Verbenaceae)
     Prostrate perennial, herb, 0.3 m high. Fl. white, blue, purple, Feb-Apr/Aug-Oct. Black sand over clay or limestone. Margins of freshwater lakes and swamps, coastal dune fields. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
468. *Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene var. nodiflora (Verbenaceae)
     Prostrate, mat-forming perennial, herb (rooting at nodes). Fl. white, blue, purple, Feb-Nov. Sandy & silty clay soils. Wetlands, lake margins. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
469. Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. (Euphorbiaceae)
     Erect annual or perennial, herb or shrub, 0.1-0.6(-0.9) m high. Fl. Feb-Oct. Sandy soils, alluvium, clay, limestone. Among rocks, beds of rivers & creeks. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
470. Phyllanthus urinaria L. (Euphorbiaceae)
     Perennial, herb, 0.1-0.3 m high. Fl. green, cream, Mar-May. Alluvium. Riverine flats. Province: Northern.
471. Phyllodium pulchellum (L.) Desv. (Papilionaceae)
     Shrub, to 1 m high. Fl. yellow, white. Province: Northern.
472. *Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae)
     Upright shrub or herb, to 2 m high. Fl. yellow, white, cream, Mar-Sep. Red alluvial soil, red sand, black clay. Sandplains, floodplains, dried-up river beds, edges of water channels. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
473. *Physalis peruviana L. (Solanaceae)
     Erect, slender shrub, 0.3-1.5(-2.5) m high. Fl. yellow, Jun-Aug/Nov-Jan. Roadverges, creeklines. Province: South-west.
474. *Physalis pubescens L. (Solanaceae)
     Annual, herb, to 0.5 m high. Fl. yellow. Province: South-west.
475. *Physalis viscosa L. (Solanaceae)
     Rhizomatous, perennial, herb, to 0.3 m high. Fl. yellow, Mar. Province: South-west.
476. *Phytolacca octandra L. (Phytolaccaceae)
     Spreading, erect perennial, herb or shrub, 0.4-1.7 m high. Fl. white, pink, red, Jan-Mar/Sep/Dec. Sand, sandy loam. A weed of disturbed soils. Province: South-west.
477. Pisonia aculeata L. (Nyctaginaceae)
     Climber or shrub, 2-15 m high. Fl. cream, May-Aug. Laterite & red loam, sandstone. Scree slopes, vine forests. Province: Northern.
478. *Plantago coronopus L. (Plantaginaceae)
     Rosetted annual or perennial, herb, 0.05-0.2 m high. Fl. green, white, Sep-Dec. Sand, clay or loam soils, often damp. Swamps. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
479. *Plantago coronopus L. subsp. coronopus (Plantaginaceae)
     Rosetted annual or perennial, herb, 0.05-0.2 m high. Fl. green, Oct-Nov. Grey sand, sandy clay. Swampy areas. Province: South-west.
480. *Plantago cretica L. (Plantaginaceae)
     Tufted perennial, herb. Province: South-west.
481. *Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae)
     Rosetted perennial, herb, 0.1-0.9 m high. Fl. green, yellow, brown, Nov-Mar. Variety of soils. In gardens & other disturbed sites. Province: South-west.
482. *Plantago major L. (Plantaginaceae)
     Rosetted perennial, herb, 0.1-0.8 m high. Fl. green, Oct-Feb. Usually on sandy soils. Winter-wet depressions. Province: South-west.
483. Plumbago zeylanica L. (Plumbaginaceae)
     Erect or sprawling shrub, 0.2-1.2 m high. Fl. white, blue, Jan-Aug. Variety of habitats. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
484. Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam. (Caryophyllaceae)
     Herb, 0.1-0.3 m high. Fl. white, Mar-Apr. Sand or sandy rocky soils. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
485. Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam. var. corymbosa (Caryophyllaceae)
     Erect or ascending herb, 0.1-0.3 m high. Fl. white, Mar-Apr. Sandy rocky soils. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
486. *Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. (Caryophyllaceae)
     Erect, spreading or prostrate annual, herb, 0.02-0.15 m high. Fl. green, red, white, May-Jan. Sandy soils. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
487. *Polygala myrtifolia L. (Polygalaceae)
     Shrub, 1.5-4 m high, leaves oval. Fl. white, purple, Aug-Dec. Brown-orange or grey sand, loam. Winter-wet gullies, roadsides, creeklines. Province: South-west.
488. *Polygonum aviculare L. (Polygonaceae)
     Prostrate, sprawling or erect annual, herb, 0.02-0.1 m high. Fl. green, white, pink, Oct-Mar. Sandy clay, clay loam. Weed of cultivation & waste places. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
489. *Populus alba L. (Salicaceae)
     Tree, 3-20 m high. Lateritic loam over granite or grey sand over sandy clay. Woodland, paddocks, creeklines. Province: South-west.
490. *Populus nigra L. (Salicaceae)
     Tree, to 10 m high. White sand over clay, gritty sandy clay over granite. Fringing rivers and along creeklines. Province: South-west.
491. *Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae)
     Succulent, prostrate to decumbent annual, herb, to 0.2 m high. Fl. yellow, Apr-May. Clay loam, sand. Often disturbed sites. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
492. Portulaca pilosa L. (Portulacaceae)
     Succulent, erect or prostrate annual, herb, to 0.2 m high. Fl. yellow, pink, Jan-Jul/Nov. Sandy, loamy & clayey soils. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
493. *Portulacaria afra (L.) Jacq. (Portulacaceae)
     Erect shrub, to 1.5 m high. Sand, clay, loam. Flats. Province: Eremaean.
494. Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn. (Urticaceae)
     Monoecious perennial, herb, 0.1-0.6 m high. Fl. green, white, Feb-May. Sand over sandstone or limestone, laterite. Rocky outcrops. Province: Northern.
495. Premna serratifolia L. (Lamiaceae)
     Shrub or tree, (1-)3-6(-10) m high. Fl. green, white.
496. *Prunella vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae)
     Perennial, herb, ca 0.1 m high. Fl. purple, Aug-Dec. Creek edges, valleys. Province: South-west.
497. *Psoralea pinnata L. (Papilionaceae)
     Erect, slender shrub, 1-3 m high. Fl. purple, blue, white, Nov-Feb. Sand, sandy loam, gravelly clay loam. Swampy areas, flats. Province: South-west.
498. *Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. (Amaranthaceae)
     Prostrate, scrambling or erect herb. Fl. green, Mar-Jul. Vine thickets. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
499. *Pyrus communis L. (Rosaceae)
     Tree, c. 5 m high, suckering; bark grey-brown, spineless; leaves dark green. Fl. white, Oct. Alluvial sand. Creek banks. Province: South-west.
500. Quisqualis indica L. (Combretaceae)
     Shrub, 1-3 m high. Fl. white, red, Apr-May. Sandy clay. Rocky foreshore, along creeks. Province: Northern.
501. *Ranunculus muricatus L. (Ranunculaceae)
     Erect or prostrate annual, herb, 0.04-0.3 m high. Fl. yellow, green, Aug-Dec. Peaty sand. Winter-wet situations, swamps or in running water. Province: South-west.
502. *Raphanus raphanistrum L. (Brassicaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.15-1 m high. Fl. yellow, white, pink, Apr-Nov. Disturbed areas. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
503. *Raphanus sativus L. (Brassicaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.1-1 m high. Fl. white, purple, Oct. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
504. *Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All. (Brassicaceae)
     Erect annual or biennial, herb, 0.15-0.8 m high. Fl. yellow, May/Aug-Nov. Disturbed soils, roadsides. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
505. *Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth (Asteraceae)
     Spreading annual, herb, to 0.5 m high. Fl. yellow, Feb. Grey gravelly sand over limestone. Lower slopes of hills.
506. *Reichardia tingitana (L.) Roth (Asteraceae)
     Short-lived, erect annual or perennial, herb, 0.1-0.5 m high. Fl. yellow, red, brown, Aug-Oct. Sandy soils. Alluvial river flats, coastal dunes. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
507. *Reseda alba L. (Resedaceae)
     Erect or spreading annual or perennial (rarely), herb, 0.3-0.7 m high. Fl. white, cream, May-Jun. Near-costal areas. Province: South-west.
508. *Reseda lutea L. (Resedaceae)
     Sprawling to erect perennial, herb, 0.15-0.8 m high. Fl. white, cream, Nov-Dec. Roadsides. Province: South-west.
509. *Reseda luteola L. (Resedaceae)
     Erect perennial, herb, to 1.5 m high. Fl. yellow, cream, May/Nov-Jan. Roadverges, pastures. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
510. *Rhamnus alaternus L. (Rhamnaceae)
     Erect shrub or tree, 1-6 m high. Fl. green, Jun-Nov. Sandy & loamy soils. Along rivers & creeks, flats. Province: South-west.
511. *Rhaponticum repens (L.) Hidalgo (Asteraceae)
     
512. Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate or twining perennial, herb or climber, 0.15-3 m high. Fl. yellow, orange, Jan-Nov. Variety of habitats. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
513. *Richardia scabra L. (Rubiaceae)
     Prostrate herb. Fl. white, Jul. Cultivated lawn. Province: Northern.
514. *Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae)
     Shrub, to 5 m high. Fl. cream, yellow, red, Jul-Sep. Waste grounds. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
515. *Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Papilionaceae)
     Tree, to 15 m high, with spiny stems & branches. Fl. white, Sep-Dec. Disturbed areas, along creeks. Province: South-west.
516. *Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek (Brassicaceae)
     Decumbent, stoloniferous perennial, herb, to 0.3 m high, to 2.5 m long. Fl. white, Oct-Feb. Mud or shallow water. In winter-wet depressions & watercourses. Province: South-west.
517. *Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser (Brassicaceae)
     Annual or biennial, herb, 0.1-0.6 m high. Fl. yellow. Wet or swampy areas.
518. *Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae)
     Prickly shrub, to 2.5 m high. Fl. pink, white, Oct. Sand. Province: South-west.
519. *Rosa rubiginosa L. (Rosaceae)
     Domed, prickly shrub, to 5 m high. Fl. pink, Nov-Dec. Roadsides. Province: South-west.
520. Rothia indica (L.) Druce (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate or spreading annual, herb, to 0.4 m high. Fl. yellow, orange, red, pink, Apr-Aug. Sandy soils. Seasonally inundated areas, sandhills and flats. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
521. *Ruellia tuberosa L. (Acanthaceae)
     Upright or prostrate rhizomatous, perennial, herb, to 0.4 m high. Fl. blue, purple, Mar-May. Red levee soil. Along creeklines, in gardens, near saltmarsh, on watered margins of parks. Province: Northern.
522. *Rumex bucephalophorus L. (Polygonaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.05-0.2 m high. Sand. Province: South-west.
523. *Rumex crispus L. (Polygonaceae)
     Erect perennial, herb, 0.2-1(-1.5) m high. Fl. green, Jul-Dec. Sandy & clayey soils. Disturbed areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
524. *Rumex obtusifolius L. (Polygonaceae)
     Erect perennial, herb, 0.6-1(-1.2) m high. Sand. Swamps, paddocks. Province: South-west.
525. *Rumex obtusifolius L. subsp. obtusifolius (Polygonaceae)
     Herb. Sand. Swamps, paddocks. Province: South-west.
526. *Rumex pulcher L. (Polygonaceae)
     Perennial, herb, 0.2-0.6(-1) m high. Fl. Sep-Dec. Sandy, moist soils. Roadsides, railway tracks, paddocks. Province: South-west.
527. *Rumex pulcher L. subsp. pulcher (Polygonaceae)
     Erect perennial, herb, 0.2-0.6(-1) m high. Fl. Sep-Dec. Sandy, moist soils. Paddocks. Province: South-west.
528. *Sagina procumbens L. (Caryophyllaceae)
     Prostrate to ascending, matted perennial, herb, to 0.05 m high. Fl. green, Mar/Jul-Sep. Damp situations. Province: South-west.
529. Salacia chinensis L. (Hippocrateaceae)
     Climber or tree (rarely), to 5 m high. Fl. yellow, green. In seasonal creeks. Province: Northern.
530. *Salix babylonica L. (Salicaceae)
     Weeping tree, to 10 m high. Fl. Nov. Black peaty sand over clay. Creeklines. Province: South-west.
531. Salomonia ciliata (L.) DC. (Polygalaceae)
     Herb, to 0.35 m high. Fl. white, pink, purple, Jun/Dec. Province: Northern.
532. Salomonia ciliata (L.) DC. forma ciliata (Polygalaceae)
     Erect herb, to 0.35 m high. Fl. white, pink, purple, Jun/Dec. Damp soils. Gorges, creek banks. Province: Northern.
533. Salsola tragus L. (Chenopodiaceae)
     Annual, herb, to 1 m high. Fl. green, cream, white, Jan-Oct. Sand, clay, loam, limestone. Shore line, open plains, creeklines, disturbed sites. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
534. Salsola tragus L. subsp. tragus (Chenopodiaceae)
     Spreading, succulent annual, herb, 0.4-0.6 m high. Fl. green, Apr/Jul-Oct. White-yellow sands, red clay, loam, limestone. Shore line, disturbed road and rail verges, creeklines. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
535. *Salvia verbenaca L. (Lamiaceae)
     Slightly aromatic perennial, herb, 0.1-1 m high. Fl. blue, pink, purple, Apr/Jul-Oct. Often along roadsides. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
536. *Samolus valerandi L. (Primulaceae)
     Perennial, herb, 0.1-0.35 m high. Fl. white, Jan-Dec. Sand over limestone or granite, peaty soils. Creek banks, damp areas. Province: South-west.
537. Sarcostemma esculentum (L.f.) R.W.Holm (Asclepiadaceae)
     Climber. Fl. white, cream, pink, Jan-May/Sep-Oct. Sandy alluvium. Along rivers, pool edges. Province: Northern.
538. Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. (Asclepiadaceae)
     Shrub or climber, 0.3-5 m high. Fl. white, cream, yellow, green, Jan-Nov. Sand, gravel, skeletal soils, sandstone, limestone, laterite. Rock outcrops, slopes. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
539. *Scabiosa atropurpurea L. (Dipsacaceae)
     Rosetted perennial or annual, herb, 0.2-1 m high. Fl. white, pink, red, purple, Aug-Apr. Sandy soils, often over limestone. In disturbed areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
540. *Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae)
     Tree, 2-5(-8) m high. Fl. white, cream, Apr/Jul-Oct. Red, sandy loam, alluvium, granite. Old mine sites & rubbish tips, drainage lines, creek banks. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
541. *Scoparia dulcis L. (Scrophulariaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.25-0.65 m high. Fl. white, May/Aug. Widespread pantropical weed. Province: Northern.
542. Sebastiania chamaelea (L.) Muell.Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)
     Erect or sprawling, slender perennial, herb or shrub, 0.1-1 m high. Fl. cream, yellow, green, Jan-Sep. Often on sandy soils. Variety of habitats. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
543. *Senecio angulatus L.f. (Asteraceae)
     Twining, succulent perennial, herb or climber, to 6 m high. Fl. yellow, Apr-May. Black calcareous sand, grey sand to sandy clay, limestone. Cliff faces, flats, interdunal depressions, near swamps. Province: South-west.
544. *Senecio elegans L. (Asteraceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.1-1 m high. Fl. purple, red, pink, yellow, Sep-Mar. White or grey sand. Coastal dunes & cliffs. Province: South-west.
545. *Senecio glastifolius L.f. (Asteraceae)
     Slender shrub, 0.3-2 m high. Fl. purple, pink, yellow, Aug-Oct. Grey sand, swampy loam. Hillslopes. Province: South-west.
546. *Senecio jacobaea L. (Asteraceae)
     Short-lived biennial or perennial, herb. Fl. yellow, Sep-Apr. Moist soils. Province: South-west.
547. *Senecio vulgaris L. (Asteraceae)
     Erect, rather succulent annual, herb, 0.05-0.4(-0.75) m high. Fl. yellow, Jul-Feb. Sandy soils. Cultivated or disturbed grounds. Province: South-west.
548. *Senna alata (L.) Roxb. (Caesalpiniaceae)
     Spreading shrub, to 3 m high. Fl. yellow, May. Black peaty sand. Along creeks. Province: Northern.
549. *Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby (Caesalpiniaceae)
     Spreading perennial, herb or shrub, to 2 m high, leaf gland between lowest pairs of leaflets; pod cylindric; seed with longitudinal areole. Fl. yellow. Disturbed areas. Province: Northern.
550. *Senna occidentalis (L.) Link (Caesalpiniaceae)
     Shrub, 0.15-2.5 m high. Fl. yellow, Jan-Sep. Disturbed areas, creek & river banks. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
551. Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. (Aizoaceae)
     Sub-erect to sprawling perennial, herb, ca 0.3 m high. Fl. pink, purple, Mar-Dec. Sandy clay. Coastal limestone & sandstone, tidal flats, salt marshes. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
552. *Sherardia arvensis L. (Rubiaceae)
     Prostrate to ascending annual, herb. Fl. blue, pink, Sep-Nov. Sandy or lateritic soils. Province: South-west.
553. *Sida cordifolia L. (Malvaceae)
     Slender, erect shrub, 0.2-1.5 m high. Fl. yellow, orange, Mar-May. Loamy & clayey soils. Along rivers, hillsides. Province: Northern.
554. *Sida rhombifolia L. (Malvaceae)
     Shrub, ca 1 m high. Fl. yellow. Province: Northern and South-west.
555. Sida spinosa L. (Malvaceae)
     Slender, upright or spreading shrub, 0.2-1 m high. Fl. yellow, Feb-Sep. Clay, sandy clay. Floodplains. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
556. *Sigesbeckia orientalis L. (Asteraceae)
     Erect, slender annual, herb, 0.15-1 m high. Fl. yellow, Jan-Dec. Loamy soils over limestone or granite. Rocky gullies, limestone ranges, creek beds. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
557. *Silene gallica L. (Caryophyllaceae)
     Erect or ascending, rather viscid annual, herb, 0.1-0.5(-0.8) m high. Fl. white, pink, Jul-Dec. Sandy soils. Disturbed areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
558. *Silene gallica L. var. gallica (Caryophyllaceae)
     Erect or ascending, rather viscid annual, herb, 0.1-0.5 m high. Fl. pink, white, Jul-Dec. Sandy soils. Disturbed areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
559. *Silene nocturna L. (Caryophyllaceae)
     Erect or spreading annual, herb, 0.1-0.5 m high. Fl. white, pink, Sep-Oct. Roadsides. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
560. *Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae)
     Erect, robust, spiny annual or biennial, herb, 0.3-1.2 m high. Fl. purple, Oct-Dec. Sandy & loamy soils. Weed of waste places & pastures. Province: South-west.
561. *Sinapis alba L. (Brassicaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.3-0.8 m high. Fl. yellow. Weed of cultivation. Province: South-west.
562. *Sinapis arvensis L. (Brassicaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.3-0.8 m high. Fl. yellow. Weed of cultivation. Province: South-west.
563. *Sisymbrium irio L. (Brassicaceae)
     Erect annual or biennial, herb, 0.1-0.6(-1) m high. Fl. yellow, Jul-Dec. Sandy & clayey soils. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
564. *Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. (Brassicaceae)
     Erect annual or biennial, herb, to 0.75 m high. Fl. yellow, Oct-Nov. Province: South-west.
565. *Sisymbrium orientale L. (Brassicaceae)
     Erect annual or biennial, herb, 0.1-1 m high. Fl. yellow, Mar-Nov. Disturbed areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
566. *Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae)
     Erect perennial, herb or shrub (short-lived), 0.3-0.8 m high. Fl. white, Jan-Dec. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
567. *Solanum pseudocapsicum L. (Solanaceae)
     Shrub, 1-2 m high. Fl. white. Disturbed wet areas. Province: Northern.
568. *Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae)
     Tuberous, sprawling perennial, herb. Fl. violet, white. Roadsites. Province: South-west.
569. Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd (Lamiaceae)
     Erect, semi-succulent perennial or annual, herb, 0.2-1(-1.5) m high. Fl. blue, violet, purple, Mar-Aug. Usually sandstone-derived soils. Along watercourses, seepage areas. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
570. *Solidago canadensis L. (Asteraceae)
     Slender rhizomatous, perennial, herb, 1-2.5 m high. Fl. yellow, Mar-Jun. Weed of roadsides & waste places. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
571. *Sonchus asper (L.) Hill (Asteraceae)
     Erect, robust, spiny annual or biennial, herb, 0.1-1.8 m high. Fl. yellow, Nov-Jan. Weed of waste places.
572. *Sonchus asper (L.) Hill subsp. asper (Asteraceae)
     Erect, open annual, herb (with spiny leaves), to 1.8 m high. Fl. yellow/purple, Oct - Jan. White to grey sand, brown clayey loam, black sandy loam, black clayey peat. Dunes, valleys, seasonally wet areas, watercourses, lakes and wetlands, disturbed sites.
573. *Sonchus oleraceus L. (Asteraceae)
     Erect annual, herb, to 1.5 m high. Fl. yellow, Jan-Dec. Variety of soils. Weed of waste places & disturbed ground. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
574. *Spergula arvensis L. (Caryophyllaceae)
     Erect or ascending annual, herb, 0.1-0.3 m high. Fl. white, Jun-Nov. Weed of gardens, cultivation & wasteland. Province: South-west.
575. *Spergula pentandra L. (Caryophyllaceae)
     Spreading annual, herb, ca 0.15 m high. Fl. white, Oct. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
576. Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb. (Caryophyllaceae)
     Open, succulant, decumbent perennial or annual, herb, 0.15 m high. Fl. purple, pink, white, Oct-Nov. Sandy,loamy or gravelly clay soils, limestone, granite. Hills, dunes, ridges, flats, freshwater swamps, salt lakes, streams. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
577. *Spergularia rubra (L.) J.Presl & C.Presl (Caryophyllaceae)
     Decumbent, spreading to ascending annual or perennial, herb, 0.05-0.2 m high. Fl. pink, purple, Jul-Dec. Sand, sandy clay. Around salt lakes, claypans, river flats, granite outcrops. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
578. Sphaeranthus africanus L. (Asteraceae)
     Herb (?), Description unknown. Province: Northern.
579. Sphaeranthus indicus L. (Asteraceae)
     Erect, aromatic annual, herb, to 0.5 m high. Fl. purple, pink, white, May-Jul. Alluvium, clay. Seasonally flooded areas. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
580. *Stachys arvensis (L.) L. (Lamiaceae)
     Ascending annual, herb, 0.06-0.3 m high. Fl. pink, purple, Apr-Oct. Roadverges, waste grounds. Province: South-west.
581. *Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl (Verbenaceae)
     Perennial, herb or shrub, to 0.6 m high. Fl. blue, purple, Jan. Red soils. Lake margins. Province: Northern.
582. *Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (Caryophyllaceae)
     Sprawling annual, herb, 0.01-0.15 m high. Fl. white, Jul-Oct. Weed of gardens & disturbed areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
583. *Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub. (Papilionaceae)
     Erect or decumbent herb or shrub, to 0.7 m high. Fl. yellow, Apr-Dec. Sand, loam & clay soils. Seepage areas, creek banks, pool edges, lawns, disturbed vegetation. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
584. *Succowia balearica (L.) Medik. (Brassicaceae)
     Twining annual, herb, to 4 m high. Fl. yellow, Nov. Grey sand over sandstone. Steep slope. Province: South-west.
585. Suriana maritima L. (Surianaceae)
     Shrub, to 0.9 m high. Fl. yellow. White sand. Seashore.
586. *Syringa vulgaris L. (Oleaceae)
     Suckering shrub, to 5 m wide. Fl. white, blue, purple, Oct. Brown loam over laterite/granite. Province: South-west.
587. *Tagetes erecta L. (Asteraceae)
     Erect, much-branched, odiferous annual, herb, to 0.5 m high. Fl. orange, Aug-Sep. Red-brown clay, loam over granite. Road verges. Province: South-west.
588. *Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae)
     Erect, strongly aromatic annual, herb, to 2 m high. Fl. yellow, Feb-Apr. Weed of roadsides, creek banks & disturbed habitats. Province: South-west.
589. *Tamarindus indica L. (Caesalpiniaceae)
     Tree, to 10(-24) m high. Fl. yellow, Dec-Jun. Cultivated & occasionally naturalised. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
590. *Tamarix aphylla (L.) H.Karst. (Tamaricaceae)
     Tree, to 10 m high. Fl. pink, white, Feb/May. Along river banks. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
591. *Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth (Bignoniaceae)
     Shrub, to 4 m high. Fl. yellow, May/Aug-Oct. Brown sandy loam, red sandy clay, sandstone. Hilltops and slopes, watered margins of parks, disturbed areas. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
592. *Tolpis barbata (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.2-0.5 m high. Fl. yellow, Oct-Jan. Weed of cultivated land. Province: South-west.
593. *Tragopogon porrifolius L. (Asteraceae)
     Erect annual or biennial, herb, 0.5-1.3 m high. Fl. pink, purple, Oct-Dec. Weed of waste land. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
594. *Trianthema portulacastrum L. (Aizoaceae)
     Prostrate to decumbent, spreading annual, herb, 0.01-0.2 m high, to 1 m wide. Fl. pink, white, Mar-Sep. Clay, sand. Roadsides, disturbed & cultivated areas. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
595. Tribulus cistoides L. (Zygophyllaceae)
     Prostrate or ascending perennial, herb, 0.05-0.3 m high, plants villous; leaflet pairs 5-7; petals 15-18mm long; fruit subglabrous with median pair of spines. Fl. yellow, Jan-Dec. Sand or sandy loam. Dunes, rocky coast, plains. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
596. Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae)
     Prostrate annual, herb, plants villous; leaflet pairs 4-7; cocci with distinct divergent, median spines 3-8 mm long. Fl. yellow, Jan-Dec. Often on sandy soils. Waste places. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
597. Trichosanthes cucumerina L. (Cucurbitaceae)
     Scrambling annual, herb or climber. Fl. white, Feb-Aug. On rocky sandstone areas. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
598. Trichosanthes cucumerina L. var. cucumerina (Cucurbitaceae)
     Scrambling annual, herb or climber. Fl. white, Feb-Aug. On rocky sandstone areas. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
599. *Tridax procumbens L. (Asteraceae)
     Prostrate to erect perennial, herb, to 0.4 m high. Fl. white, yellow, Jan-Dec. Weed on wet & disturbed ground. Province: Northern.
600. *Trifolium alexandrinum L. (Papilionaceae)
     Erect annual, herb, 0.2-0.6 m high. Fl. white, yellow, Nov. Cultivated for fodder.
601. *Trifolium angustifolium L. (Papilionaceae)
     Erect or decumbent annual, herb, 0.1-0.6 m high. Fl. pink, purple, Sep-Dec. Province: South-west.
602. *Trifolium angustifolium L. var. angustifolium (Papilionaceae)
     Erect or decumbent annual, herb, 0.1-0.6 m high. Fl. pink, purple, Sep-Dec. Sandy soils. Roadsides, swampy areas. Province: South-west.
603. *Trifolium arvense L. (Papilionaceae)
     Erect or spreading annual, herb, (0.035-)0.1-0.5 m high. Fl. pink, white, Aug-Jan. Common weed in settled & agricultural areas. Province: South-west.
604. *Trifolium arvense L. var. arvense (Papilionaceae)
     Erect or spreading annual, herb, (0.035-)0.1-0.5 m high. Fl. pink, white, Aug-Jan. Common weed in settled & agricultural areas. Province: South-west.
605. *Trifolium cherleri L. (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate or decumbent annual, herb, 0.05-0.2 m high. Fl. white, pink, Aug/Nov. Roadsides, paddocks. Province: South-west.
606. *Trifolium fragiferum L. (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate perennial, herb. Fl. white, pink, Dec-Mar. Sand. Lawns. Province: South-west.
607. *Trifolium fragiferum L. var. fragiferum (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate perennial, herb. Fl. white, pink, Dec-Mar. Sand. Lawns. Province: South-west.
608. *Trifolium glomeratum L. (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate annual, herb, 0.03-0.2 m high. Fl. pink, Aug-Dec. Sandy soils. Roadverges, winter-wet flats, gardens. Province: South-west.
609. *Trifolium hybridum L. (Papilionaceae)
     Erect or decumbent perennial, herb. Fl. white, pink, Nov-Jan. Province: South-west.
610. *Trifolium hybridum L. var. hybridum (Papilionaceae)
     Erect or decumbent perennial, herb. Fl. white, pink, Nov-Jan. Province: South-west.
611. *Trifolium incarnatum L. (Papilionaceae)
     Erect or ascending annual, herb, 0.2-0.5 m high. Fl. red, white, Oct-Nov. Province: South-west.
612. *Trifolium incarnatum L. var. incarnatum (Papilionaceae)
     Erect or ascending annual, herb, 0.2-0.5 m high. Fl. red, white, Oct-Nov. Province: South-west.
613. *Trifolium lappaceum L. (Papilionaceae)
     Erect or decumbent annual, herb, 0.1-0.6 m high. Fl. white, pink, Nov-Dec. Province: South-west.
614. *Trifolium lappaceum L. var. lappaceum (Papilionaceae)
     Erect or decumbent annual, herb, 0.1-0.6 m high. Fl. white, pink, Nov-Dec. Province: South-west.
615. *Trifolium ornithopodioides L. (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate annual or perennial (short-lived), herb. Fl. white, pink, Sep-Dec. Province: South-west.
616. *Trifolium pratense L. (Papilionaceae)
     Robust, erect or decumbent perennial, herb, to 0.6 m high. Fl. pink, red, purple, Oct-Dec/Apr. Province: South-west.
617. *Trifolium repens L. (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate or creeping rhizomatous, perennial, herb, to 0.15 m high, to 1 m wide. Fl. white, Jul-Jan. Sandy soils. A weed of pasture & gardens. Province: South-west.
618. *Trifolium repens L. var. repens (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate or creeping rhizomatous, perennial, herb, to 0.15 m high. Fl. white, Jul-Jan. Sandy soils. A weed of pasture & gardens. Province: South-west.
619. *Trifolium resupinatum L. (Papilionaceae)
     Ascending or prostrate annual, herb, 0.05-0.3(-0.6) m high. Fl. pink, purple, Aug-Nov. Sandy clay, grey sand, gravel. A weed of settled & cultivated areas, road verges. Province: South-west.
620. *Trifolium resupinatum L. var. resupinatum (Papilionaceae)
     Ascending or prostrate annual, herb, 0.05-0.3(-0.6) m high. Fl. pink, purple, Oct-Nov. Sandy soils. A weed of settled & cultivated areas. Province: South-west.
621. *Trifolium scabrum L. (Papilionaceae)
     Erect, decumbent or prostrate annual, herb, 0.05-0.2 m high. Fl. white, pink, Sep-Oct. Sandy soils. A weed of settled areas. Province: South-west.
622. *Trifolium spumosum L. (Papilionaceae)
     Robust, prostrate to erect annual, herb, 0.1-0.4 m high. Fl. pink, Sep-Oct. Province: South-west.
623. *Trifolium stellatum L. (Papilionaceae)
     Annual, herb. Fl. pink, Oct-Nov. Province: South-west.
624. *Trifolium stellatum L. var. stellatum (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate annual, herb. Fl. pink, Oct. Near firebreaks. Province: South-west.
625. *Trifolium striatum L. (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate, ascending or erect annual or biennial, herb, 0.1-0.5 m high. Fl. pink, white, Nov-Dec/Mar. Province: South-west.
626. *Trifolium subterraneum L. (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate, spreading annual, herb, 0.02-0.15 m high, to 0.3 m wide. Fl. white, pink, Aug-Nov. A weed of pastures & cultivation. Province: South-west.
627. *Trifolium suffocatum L. (Papilionaceae)
     Small, tufted, spreading annual, herb, 0.05-0.15 m high. Fl. white, Aug-Nov. Province: South-west.
628. *Trifolium tomentosum L. (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate to ascending annual, herb, 0.02-0.3 m high, 0.05-0.2 m wide. Fl. pink, Aug-Nov. A weed of settled & cultivated areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
629. *Trifolium tomentosum L. var. tomentosum (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate to ascending annual, herb, 0.02-0.3 m high, 0.05-0.2 m wide. Fl. pink, Aug-Nov. A weed of settled & cultivated areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
630. *Tropaeolum majus L. (Tropaeolaceae)
     Sprawling & climbing, more or less succulent annual, herb. Fl. yellow, orange, red, Jul-Nov. Sandy soils. A garden escape. Province: South-west.
631. *Turnera ulmifolia L. (Turneraceae)
     Bushy annual, herb, 0.4-1 m high. Fl. yellow, Feb-Apr. Red sandy loam. Province: Northern.
632. *Ulex europaeus L. (Papilionaceae)
     Erect, rigid, spinescent shrub, 0.6-1.5 m high. Fl. yellow, Feb/Sep. Roadsides, planted as a hedge. Province: South-west.
633. *Urena lobata L. (Malvaceae)
     Slender erect shrub, 0.4-3 m high. Fl. pink, blue, purple, Mar-Jun. Black soils, peaty clay. Creek edges, swamps. Province: Northern.
634. *Urospermum picroides (L.) F.W.Schmidt (Asteraceae)
     Erect annual or biennial, herb, to 1.2 m high. Fl. yellow, Aug-Dec. Sandy soils, often over limestone or granite. Weed of moist situations, along watercourses, coastal inlets & roadsides. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
635. *Ursinia anthemoides (L.) Poir. (Asteraceae)
     Slender, erect annual, herb, 0.1-0.5 m high. Fl. yellow, orange, cream, white, Jul-Dec. Weed of roadsides & waste places. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
636. *Urtica urens L. (Urticaceae)
     Monoecious annual, herb (with stinging hairs), 0.1-0.6 m high. Fl. green, Jul-Oct. Sandy soils. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
637. Utricularia bifida L. (Lentibulariaceae)
     Terrestrial annual, herb, ca 0.15 m high. Fl. yellow, May-Aug. Sandy mud. Over sandstone rock in water, creek banks. Province: Northern.
638. Utricularia caerulea L. (Lentibulariaceae)
     Terrestrial annual or perennial, herb, 0.07-0.3 m high. Fl. purple, yellow, white, May-Sep. Damp soils, sandstone. Seepage areas, creek banks, pools. Province: Northern.
639. Utricularia gibba L. (Lentibulariaceae)
     Submerged aquatic, sometimes mat-forming, free-floating annual or perennial, herb, ultimate segments of the leaves very few; calyx lobes 2; pedicels semi-erect in fruit. Fl. yellow, Apr-Dec. Still pools, ephemeral swamps. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
640. Utricularia stellaris L.f. (Lentibulariaceae)
     Floating aquatic perennial, herb. Fl. yellow, Jun-Jul. Swamps, lagoons. Province: Northern.
641. *Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn. (Mimosaceae)
     
642. *Verbascum creticum (L.) Cav. (Scrophulariaceae)
     Erect, robust biennial, herb, 0.4-2 m high. Fl. yellow, Oct-Nov. Province: South-west.
643. *Verbascum thapsus L. (Scrophulariaceae)
     Biennial, herb, over 2 m high. Fl. yellow, Jan-Mar. Province: South-west.
644. *Verbascum thapsus L. subsp. thapsus (Scrophulariaceae)
     Stout, erect biennial, herb, over 2 m high. Fl. yellow, Jan-Mar. Province: South-west.
645. *Verbena bonariensis L. (Verbenaceae)
     Erect perennial, herb, 0.5-1 m high. Fl. blue, purple, Jan-Mar. Province: South-west.
646. *Verbena bonariensis L. var. bonariensis (Verbenaceae)
     Erect annual or perennial, herb, to 1 m high. Fl. blue, purple, Feb. Sandy soil. Disused car yard. Province: South-west.
647. *Verbena officinalis L. (Verbenaceae)
     Slender, erect herb, to 0.7 m high. Fl. purple, Feb. Brown sandy clay over laterite. River edges. Province: South-west.
648. *Veronica arvensis L. (Scrophulariaceae)
     Erect or procumbent annual, herb, 0.1-0.2 m high. Fl. blue, Sep-Nov. Sandy, clay & loamy soils. Roadsides, lawns, garden weed. Province: South-west.
649. *Vicia benghalensis L. (Papilionaceae)
     Twining annual or perennial (short-lived), herb or climber, 0.4-3 m high. Fl. red, brown, purple, Aug-Nov. Sandy & loamy soils. Roadverges, banks of creeks. Province: South-west.
650. *Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray (Papilionaceae)
     Trailing or climbing annual, herb, 0.15-0.3 m high. Fl. white, blue, pink, Jul-Nov. Sandy & loamy soils. A weed of cultivated places. Province: South-west.
651. *Vicia sativa L. (Papilionaceae)
     Annual, herb, 0.2-1.2(-3) m high. Fl. pink, blue, purple, red, white, Jul-Dec. A weed of disturbed & cultivated areas, wet sites. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
652. *Vicia sativa L. subsp. sativa (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate, twining or scrambling annual, herb, 0.3-1.2 m high. Fl. blue, purple, pink, Jul-Nov. Winter-wet depressions, along creeks. Province: South-west.
653. *Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreb. (Papilionaceae)
     Scrambling annual, herb, to 0.5 m high. Fl. violet, Nov. Brown loam. Seasonally-wet sites, along river banks.
654. *Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek (Papilionaceae)
     Perennial or annual, herb or climber, to 3 m high. Fl. white, cream, yellow, purple, Feb-May. Clay, sandstone, basalt. Floodplains, grasslands, drainage depressions, tidal flats. Province: Northern.
655. *Vigna trilobata (L.) Verdc. (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate or sprawling herb or climber, ca 0.3 m high, to 0.5 wide. Fl. yellow, Apr/Jul. Black clay. Banks of irrigation channels, paddocks. Province: Northern.
656. Vigna vexillata (L.) A.Rich. (Papilionaceae)
     Prostrate or climbing perennial, herb. Fl. purple, blue, Feb-Jun. Loam. Swamps. Province: Northern.
657. *Vinca major L. (Apocynaceae)
     Creeping or scrambling perennial, herb, to 0.5 m high. Fl. blue, Aug-Nov. Cultivated & naturalised in disturbed areas. Province: South-west.
658. *Viola odorata L. (Violaceae)
     Perennial, herb, 0.05-0.15 m high. Fl. violet, white. Moist loam. Province: South-west.
659. Vitex rotundifolia L.f. (Lamiaceae)
     Sprawling prostrate to ascending shrub, to 0.5(-1.5) m high. Fl. blue, purple, Mar-Jul. White sand. On beaches above high tide level, dunes. Province: Northern.
660. *Vitex trifolia L. (Lamiaceae)
     Erect, compact shrub, 0.6-2(-3) m high. Fl. blue, purple, Apr-May/Nov. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
661. *Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae)
     Woody climber. Fl. cream, green. Creek & river banks, lake margins. Province: South-west.
662. *Wahlenbergia capensis (L.) A.DC. (Campanulaceae)
     Slender, erect or ascending annual, herb, 0.1-0.5 m high. Fl. blue, green, Sep-Nov. Sandy soils. Disturbed grounds, plains. Province: South-west.
663. Waltheria indica L. (Sterculiaceae)
     Erect perennial, herb or shrub, 0.2-1.5(-2) m high. Fl. yellow, orange, Mar-Dec. Variety of soils. Often near watercourses. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
664. *Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc. (Asteraceae)
     Spreading perennial, herb, to 0.3 m high. Fl. yellow, Jul. Margins of lake. Province: Northern.
665. *Xanthium spinosum L. (Asteraceae)
     Coarse annual, herb, to 1 m high. Fl. Jan-Jun. Weed of disturbed & cultivated land. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
666. *Xanthium strumarium L. (Asteraceae)
     
667. Xenostegia tridentata (L.) D.F.Austin & Staples (Convolvulaceae)
     Prostrate, scrambling or twining perennial, herb or climber. Fl. white, cream, Mar-Aug. Sandy soils, red gravel, skeletal soils over sandstone. Province: Northern.
[top]

MONOCOTYLEDONS

668. *Agave americana L. (Agavaceae)
     Rhizomatous, perennial tree-like monocot, to 6 m high, leaves fleshy, spine-tipped. Fl. yellow, Jan/Apr. Sand. Cultivated, occasionally naturalised around old habitations & along roadsides. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
669. *Agrostis capillaris L. (Poaceae)
     Perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.2-0.5 m high. Fl. green, Nov-Feb. Province: South-west.
670. *Agrostis stolonifera L. (Poaceae)
     Stoloniferous perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.08-0.4 m high. Fl. green, Jul-Jan. Sand. Province: South-west.
671. *Aira caryophyllea L. (Poaceae)
     Annual, grass-like or herb, 0.07-0.4 m high. Fl. green, purple, Oct-Nov. Clay, grey sand, peat, gravel. Winter-wet claypans. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
672. *Aira praecox L. (Poaceae)
     Annual, grass-like or herb, to 0.15 m high. Fl. Sep-Nov. Grey/black sand. Province: South-west.
673. *Albuca canadensis (L.) F.M.Leight. (Hyacinthaceae)
     Bulbaceous, perennial, herb, 0.25-1.5 m high. Fl. yellow, green, Sep-Oct. Grey sand, laterite. Province: South-west.
674. *Allium ampeloprasum L. (Alliaceae)
     Bulbaceous, perennial, herb, to 1.8 m high. Fl. purple, pink, white, red, Dec. Loam. Province: South-west.
675. *Allium porrum L. (Alliaceae)
     Bulbaceous, perennial, herb, to 1 m high. Fl. white, pink, red, Oct-Dec. Wet loam. Province: South-west.
676. *Allium triquetrum L. (Alliaceae)
     Bulbaceous, perennial, herb, to 0.3 m high. Fl. white, Aug-Oct. Province: South-west.
677. *Allium vineale L. (Alliaceae)
     Bulbaceous, perennial, herb, to 1.2 m high. Fl. pink, green, white. Province: South-west.
678. *Alopecurus geniculatus L. (Poaceae)
     Perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.15-0.4 m high. Fl. green, Aug-Sep. Sand. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
679. *Alopecurus pratensis L. (Poaceae)
     Perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.3-0.9 m high. Fl. Sep-Dec. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
680. *Amaryllis belladonna L. (Amaryllidaceae)
     Bulbaceous, perennial, herb, to 0.4 m high. Fl. white, pink, Feb-Apr. Grey sand, loam. Province: South-west.
681. *Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link (Poaceae)
     Rhizomatous, perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.4-0.7(-1) m high. Fl. green, Oct-Jan. Sand. Sand dunes. Province: South-west.
682. *Andropogon distachyos L. (Poaceae)
     Tufted perennial, grass-like or herb, 2 m high. Fl. green, Sep-Oct. Province: South-west.
683. *Anthoxanthum odoratum L. (Poaceae)
     Tufted perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.1-0.8 m high (x 0.4 m wide). Fl. green, purple, Nov-Jan/Sep. White sand, black sandy loam. Province: South-west.
684. *Arundo donax L. (Poaceae)
     Robust, bamboo-like rhizomatous, perennial, grass-like or herb, 2-6 m high. Fl. yellow, brown, purple, Apr-Jun. White sand, peaty sandy clay. Along watercourses, moist areas. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
685. *Asparagus aethiopicus L. (Asparagaceae)
     Rhizomatous and tuberous, perennial, herb and climber, to 1.5 m high. Fl. white, pink, Mar. Grey sand. Coastal dunes. Province: South-west.
686. *Asparagus asparagoides (L.) Druce (Asparagaceae)
     Rhizomatous and tuberous, perennial, herb and climber, 1-5 m high. Fl. white, Aug-Sep. Sand, loam, clay, granite. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
687. *Asparagus declinatus L. (Asparagaceae)
     Rhizomatous and tuberous, perennial, herb and climber, to 1 m high. Fl. white, green, Apr-Aug. Sand over limestone. Province: South-west.
688. *Asparagus officinalis L. (Asparagaceae)
     Rhizomatous and tuberous, erect perennial, herb, 0.5-1.5 m high. Fl. cream, white, Oct-Jan. Sandy clay, loam. Along watercourses. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
689. *Asphodelus fistulosus L. (Asphodelaceae)
     Annual or biennial, herb, 0.2-0.4 m high. Fl. white, Jun-Oct. Sand, clay, calcareous soils. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
690. *Avena fatua L. (Poaceae)
     Erect annual, grass-like or herb, 0.6-0.9 m high. Fl. green, Aug-Dec. Brown clayey sand, heavy, red loam. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
691. *Avena sativa L. (Poaceae)
     Erect annual, grass-like or herb, 0.2-0.6 m high. Fl. green, Jun-Jul. Black sand, calcareous loam, brown clay. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
692. *Avena sterilis L. (Poaceae)
     Erect annual, grass-like or herb, 0.45 m high. Fl. green, Jul-Oct. Usually on sand or loam. Province: South-west.
693. *Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A.Camus (Poaceae)
     Perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.1-0.7 m high. Fl. Apr. Sand. Province: Northern and South-west.
694. *Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P.Beauv. (Poaceae)
     Annual, grass-like or herb (with bent culms), 0.1-0.25 m high. Fl. green, Nov-Jan. Clayey loam. Province: South-west.
695. *Briza maxima L. (Poaceae)
     Tufted, glabrous annual, grass-like or herb, 0.2-0.6 m high. Fl. green, purple, Sep-Oct. Sand, loam, clay. Province: South-west.
696. *Briza minor L. (Poaceae)
     Tufted, glabrous annual, grass-like or herb, 0.15-0.5 m high. Fl. green, Sep-Oct. Loam, sand, clay, laterite. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
697. *Bromus hordeaceus L. (Poaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.1-0.4 m high. Fl. green, Aug-Nov. Calcareous loam, sand, black sandy clay. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
698. *Bromus madritensis L. (Poaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.1-0.4 m high. Fl. purple, Sep-Nov. Sand, brown loam. Province: South-west.
699. *Bromus rubens L. (Poaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.1-0.4 m high. Fl. green, red, purple, Aug-Oct. Sand, red brown clay, calcareous loam. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
700. *Cenchrus ciliaris L. (Poaceae)
     Tufted or sometimes stoloniferous perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.2-1.5 m high. Fl. purple, Feb-Oct. White, red or brown sand, stony red loam, black cracking clay. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
701. *Cenchrus echinatus L. (Poaceae)
     Sometimes rhizomatous, tufted annual or perennial (rarely), grass-like or herb, 0.1-0.6(-1.2) m high. Fl. green, Jan-Aug. Sand, red loam, black peaty clay. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
702. *Coix lacryma-jobi L. (Poaceae)
     Annual, grass-like or herb, 0.9-2.5 m high. Fl. lead coloured. Province: South-west.
703. Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott (Araceae)
     Tuberous, partly submerged perennial, herb, 0.2-1(-3) m high. Fl. yellow, Mar/Jul. Black sand. Creeks, seepage areas. Province: Northern and South-west.
704. *Crypsis schoenoides (L.) Lam. (Poaceae)
     Prostrate annual, grass-like or herb, 0.3 m high. Fl. Mar-May. Province: South-west.
705. *Cyanella hyacinthoides L. (Tecophilaeaceae)
     Cormous, annual or perennial, herb, 0.15-0.35 m high. Fl. white, pink, purple, Sep-Nov. Black peaty sand. Dunes. Province: South-west.
706. Cyanotis axillaris (L.) Sweet (Commelinaceae)
     Tuberous, prostrate perennial, herb, 0.1-0.7 m high. Fl. blue, violet, Feb-Jul. Sand, clay. Along watercourses, around springs, claypans. Province: Northern.
707. *Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Poaceae)
     Rhizomatous (or stoloniferous), prostrate perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.05-0.3 m high. Fl. green, purple, Jun-Nov/Feb. Sand, loam, clay. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
708. *Cynosurus cristatus L. (Poaceae)
     Tufted perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.7 m high. Fl. green, Sep-Oct. Disturbed ground, pastures.
709. *Cynosurus echinatus L. (Poaceae)
     Annual, grass-like or herb, 0.1-0.4 m high. Fl. green, Nov-Jan. Sand, brown loam. Province: South-west.
710. *Cyperus compressus L. (Cyperaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb (sedge), 0.1-0.25 m high. Fl. green, yellow, brown, Apr-May/Dec. Sand. Moist habitats. Province: Northern.
711. Cyperus difformis L. (Cyperaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb (sedge), 0.05-0.7 m high, spikelets 3-8 mm wide, arranged in clusters; glumes c. 0.6 mm long, almost truncate; stamens 1 or 2. Fl. green, brown, black, Feb/May-Sep. Sand, black or red clay, brown loam. Along watercourses. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
712. Cyperus haspan L. (Cyperaceae)
     Rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like or herb (sedge), 0.2-0.6 m high. Fl. green, brown, Feb-Sep. Sand, clay, alluvium. Wet areas. Province: Northern.
713. Cyperus haspan L. subsp. haspan (Cyperaceae)
     Grass-like or herb (sedge). Peat. On bank at edge of spring. Province: Northern.
714. Cyperus iria L. (Cyperaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb (sedge), 0.05-0.7 m high, fruiting axis not winged; glumes 1.3-1.7 mm long, emarginate; stamens (2-)3. Fl. green, yellow, brown, Feb-Aug. Brown or red sand, red loam, alluvium. In claypans, along drainage lines and watercourses. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
715. *Cyperus laevigatus L. (Cyperaceae)
     Rhizomatous, colonial perennial, grass-like or herb (sedge), 0.5 m high. Fl. green, brown, Nov-May. Sand, peaty clay. Seepage areas on beach or brackish riverine foreshore. Province: South-west.
716. *Cyperus papyrus L. (Cyperaceae)
     Rhizomatous, robust perennial, herb (sedge), 4-5 m high. Brown loam or black peaty sand over mud. Permanently wet sites in woodland and abandoned parkland. Province: South-west.
717. *Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae)
     Rhizomatous and tuberous, perennial, grass-like or herb (sedge), 0.15-0.6 m high. Fl. green, brown, Apr-Jul. Wet sand. Disturbed sites. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
718. Cyperus squarrosus L. (Cyperaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb (sedge), 0.03-0.25 m high, with curry-like smell when dried; spikelets flat; glumes distichous with recurved mucro. Fl. green, brown, Feb-Aug. Red or silty loam. Along watercourses, drainage lines, in claypans. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
719. *Cyperus tenellus L.f. (Cyperaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb (sedge), 0.02-0.12 m high, stems filiform, 0.1-0.2mm diam, with a solitary spikelet or 2-4 spikelets in a pseudolateral cluster. Fl. green, brown, Aug-Jan. White or grey clayey sand, clay, brown loam, granite. Margins of swamps, rockpools on granite and other damp habitats. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
720. *Dactylis glomerata L. (Poaceae)
     Tufted perennial, grass-like or herb, 1.4 m high. Fl. purple, Jan-Mar. Sand. Province: South-west.
721. *Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. (Poaceae)
     Decumbent annual, grass-like or herb, 0.1-0.4 m high. Fl. green, Mar/Jul-Sep. Red sand, brown loam, alluvium. Province: Northern.
722. *Desmazeria rigida (L.) Tutin (Poaceae)
     Slender erect annual, grass-like or herb, 0.1-0.4 m high. Fl. green, Oct-Nov. Sand or loam, limestone. Province: South-west.
723. Dichelachne crinita (L.f.) Hook.f. (Poaceae)
     Tufted perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.3-0.7 m high. Fl. green, Sep-Nov. Red-brown, grey or calcareous sand, granite. Province: South-west.
724. *Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. (Poaceae)
     Decumbent, tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.15-1 m high. Fl. green, purple, Dec-May. Sand, loam, alluvium. Province: Northern and South-west.
725. Dioscorea bulbifera L. (Dioscoreaceae)
     Perennial, tuberous climber, to 5 m high. Fl. white, purple, brown, Dec-Feb. Laterite, clay. Along rivers, on breakaways. Province: Northern.
726. *Echinochloa colona (L.) Link (Poaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.2-0.6(-0.9) m high. Fl. green, purple, Feb-Jul. Black sand, black clay. Near watercourses and swamps. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
727. *Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) P.Beauv. (Poaceae)
     Annual, grass-like or herb, 0.25-0.9 m high. Fl. Dec-Mar. Sand. Swamps. Province: South-west.
728. Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult. (Cyperaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb (sedge), 0.1-0.4 m high, glumes 1.5-2 mm long, appressed to antrorse; anthers 0.5-0.7 mm long. Fl. brown, white, Jan-Feb/May-Oct. Sand, clay, alluvium. In and along watercourses, margins of permanent pools. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
729. *Eleusine coracan (L.) Gaertn. (Poaceae)
     Robust annual, grass-like or herb, 1.5 m high, largely cultivated; perhaps not naturalized. Fl. Feb-May. Sand. Cultivated. Province: South-west.
730. *Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. (Poaceae)
     Tufted annual or perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.9 m high. Fl. green, Feb-Jun. Brown or calcareous sand, loam. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
731. *Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski (Poaceae)
     Creeping & branching rhizomatous, perennial, grass-like or herb, to 1 m high. Lawn grass. Province: South-west.
732. Enhalus acoroides (L.f.) Royle (Hydrocharitaceae)
     Rhizomatous, dioecious, submerged, marine perennial, herb. Fl. white, red, Jan-Dec. Sand. Inter-tidal areas on reef platforms, tidal channels. Province: Northern.
733. *Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Wight & Arn. (Poaceae)
     Erect or ascending annual, grass-like or herb, 0.06-0.6 m high. Fl. Jan-Jul/Oct. Sandy soils, red clay. Province: Northern.
734. *Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P.Beauv. (Poaceae)
     Erect or ascending annual, grass-like or herb, 0.08-0.4(-0.83) m high. Sandy soils. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
735. Eriocaulon setaceum L. (Eriocaulaceae)
     Aquatic, submerged with emergent inflorescences perennial, herb. Fl. white, Mar-Oct. Sand, silts. Freshwater pools, streams, swamps. Province: Northern.
736. *Festuca rubra L. (Poaceae)
     Caespitose perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.3 m high. Fl. red, purple, Sep-Nov. Sand. Province: South-west.
737. Flagellaria indica L. (Flagellariaceae)
     Rhizomatous, perennial, climber or herb, to 0.6 m high. Fl. cream, Apr-Dec. Sand, sandy clay, sandstone. Coastal or riverine areas, vine thickets. Province: Northern.
738. Fuirena ciliaris (L.) Roxb. (Cyperaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb (sedge), 0.1-0.7 m high, perianth of 3 bristles and 3 clawed scales; scales 3-veined but otherwise unthickened. Fl. green, brown, Mar-Aug. Clay, sand, red loam, mud. Swamps, pools, claypans, along watercourses, seepage areas. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
739. *Furcraea foetida (L.) Haw. (Agavaceae)
     Perennial, herb, 1.5-6 m high, leaves green, rosetted, generally no teeth. Fl. white, Jul. Grey sand over limestone. Disturbed heath. Province: South-west.
740. *Gladiolus alatus L. (Iridaceae)
     Cormous, perennial, herb, 0.1-0.35 m high. Fl. orange, red, yellow, Sep. Gravel. Province: South-west.
741. *Gladiolus angustus L. (Iridaceae)
     Cormous, perennial, herb, 0.3-0.6(-0.9) m high. Fl. white, cream, pink, blue, Oct-Nov. Sand, sandy clay. Disturbed land. Province: South-west.
742. *Gladiolus communis L. (Iridaceae)
     Cormous, perennial, herb, 0.5-0.9 m high. Fl. purple, pink, Oct-Nov. Roadsides, around old settlements. Province: South-west.
743. *Gladiolus tristis L. (Iridaceae)
     Cormous, perennial, herb, 0.3-0.9 m high. Fl. yellow, green, cream, Sep-Oct. Loam. Roadsides. Province: South-west.
744. *Gladiolus undulatus L. (Iridaceae)
     Cormous, perennial, herb, 0.4-1.4 m high. Fl. white, cream, green, Oct-Dec. Loam, sandy clay. Roadsides. Province: South-west.
745. *Hesperantha falcata (L.f.) Ker Gawl. (Iridaceae)
     Cormous, perennial, herb, 0.1-0.45 m high. Fl. white, red, Aug-Oct. Grey sand, loam. Roadsides, vacant land. Province: South-west.
746. Heteropogon contortus (L.) Roem. & Schult. (Poaceae)
     Densely tufted perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.5-1 m high. Fl. green, Jan-Aug. Sandy clay, clay, red sand, laterite, basalt, sandstone. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
747. *Holcus lanatus L. (Poaceae)
     Tufted perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.3-0.7 m high. Fl. green, purple, Oct-Mar/Aug. Peaty black, brown or grey sand, red sandy clay. Swamps, creek edges, disturbed areas. Province: South-west.
748. *Hordeum distichon L. (Poaceae)
     Annual, grass-like or herb, 0.15-0.2 m high. Roadsides, railway lines. Province: South-west.
749. *Hordeum murinum L. (Poaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.15-0.2 m high. Sandy clay, sometimes saline. Province: South-west.
750. *Hordeum vulgare L. (Poaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 1 m high. Fl. green, May-Sep. Roadsides. Province: South-west.
751. Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle (Hydrocharitaceae)
     Submerged, attached, much branched, aquatic perennial, herb, leaves in whorls, flowers emergent, male flower is a detached, air filled bud; air pollination. Fl. green, translucent, Apr-Jul. Sand. In stagnant or slow-flowing freshwater. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
752. *Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf (Poaceae)
     Densely tufted perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.3-1 m high. Fl. green, grey, Nov-Mar/Jul. Sand, sandy loam. Roadsides. Province: South-west.
753. Imperata cylindrica (L.) P.Beauv. (Poaceae)
     Rhizomatous, densely tufted perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.3-1.5 m high. Fl. white, May-Sep. Black clay, clayey sand. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
754. Iphigenia indica (L.) Kunth (Colchicaceae)
     Cormous, perennial, herb, 0.4-0.7 m high. Fl. red, brown, Feb-Mar. Sandy clay, gravel, sandstone, laterite. Province: Northern.
755. *Iris germanica L. (Iridaceae)
     Rhizomatous, perennial, herb, to 0.3 m high. Fl. white, Jul-Sep. Loam. Roadsides. Province: South-west.
756. Isolepis fluitans (L.) R.Br. (Cyperaceae)
     Floating aquatic or tufted terrestial rhizomatous, perennial, grass-like or herb (sedge), to 0.1 m high, stems to 0.6. Fl. green, Oct-Dec. Sand, brown sub-saline clay, gravelly loam. In drainage channels, muddy swamps, shallow lagoons, clay holes, upper slopes. Province: South-west.
757. Isolepis fluitans (L.) R.Br. var. fluitans (Cyperaceae)
     Floating aquatic or tufted terrestial rhizomatous, perennial, grass-like or herb (sedge), to 0.1 m high, stems to 0.6. Fl. green, Oct-Dec. Sand, brown sub-saline clay, gravelly loam. In drainage channels, muddy swamps, shallow lagoons, clay holes, upper slopes. Province: South-west.
758. *Ixia maculata L. (Iridaceae)
     Cormous, perennial, herb, 0.2-0.6 m high, perianth tube 0.5-2 cm long. Fl. yellow, orange, Aug-Oct. Lateritic loam, grey sand, sandy clay. Road verges. Province: South-west.
759. *Ixia polystachya L. (Iridaceae)
     Cormous, perennial, herb, 0.3-1 m high. Fl. green, blue, pink, white, Sep-Dec. Sand, loam. Province: South-west.
760. *Juncus acutus L. (Juncaceae)
     Robust rhizomatous, perennial, herb, to 1.5 m high. Fl. brown, green, Aug-Nov/May. Grey sand, loam, often saline. Creeks, soaks. Province: South-west.
761. *Juncus acutus L. subsp. acutus (Juncaceae)
     Robust rhizomatous, perennial, herb, to 1.5 m high. Fl. brown, green, Aug-Nov/May. Grey sand, loam, often saline. Creeks, soaks. Province: South-west.
762. *Juncus articulatus L. (Juncaceae)
     Rhizomatous, perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.2-0.7 m high. Fl. Nov-Jan. Sand, loamy clay, mud. Swamps, seepage areas. Province: South-west.
763. Juncus bufonius L. (Juncaceae)
     Annual, grass-like or herb, 0.04-0.3 m high. Fl. Sep-Jan. Granite. Swamps, seepage areas, creeks. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
764. *Lachenalia aloides (L.f.) Hort. (Hyacinthaceae)
     Bulbaceous, perennial, herb, to 0.3 m high. Fl. yellow, orange, Oct. Grey sand. Province: South-west.
765. *Lagurus ovatus L. (Poaceae)
     Annual, grass-like or herb, 0.1-0.3 m high. Fl. white, grey, fluffy, Aug-Dec/Mar. White, grey, brown or black sand. Swamp edges, roadsides, dunes. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
766. *Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench (Poaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.2 m high. Fl. yellow, green, purple, Aug-Nov. Sandy clay, clay. Roadsides, disturbed areas. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
767. *Lapeirousia anceps (L.f.) Ker Gawl. (Iridaceae)
     Slender herb, to 0.2 m high. Fl. pink, Oct. Dry, yellow sand. Sandplain. Province: South-west.
768. Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth (Poaceae)
     Tussocky perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.22-1 m high. Fl. purple, green, Jun-Sep. Yellow clay, sand, alluvial soils. Near water, claypans. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
769. Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth. subsp. fusca (Poaceae)
     Tussocky perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.6-1.2 m high. Fl. purple, green, Mar-Sep. Sandy or clayey loams, white sand, semi-saline clay,. On floodplains, in lagoons, lakes, claypans, beach areas. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
770. *Leucojum aestivum L. (Amaryllidaceae)
     Bulbaceous, perennial, herb, to 0.6 m high. Fl. white, green, Jul-Sep. Winter-wet sand. Province: South-west.
771. *Lolium perenne L. (Poaceae)
     Short-lived, tufted biennial or perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.08-0.9 m high. Fl. green, Sep-Dec. Grey or black peaty sand, sandy clay, laterite. Granite outcrops, swamps, roadsides. Province: Northern and South-west.
772. *Lolium temulentum L. (Poaceae)
     Annual, grass-like or herb, 0.2-1 m high. Fl. green, Oct-Dec. Province: South-west.
773. *Lolium temulentum L. forma temulentum (Poaceae)
     Erect or decumbent annual, grass-like or herb, 0.2-1 m high. Fl. green, Oct-Dec. Sandy soils. Province: South-west.
774. Mnesithea granularis (L.) de Koning & Sosef (Poaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.1-0.7 m high, with prop roots. Fl. green, Jan-May. Clay. Rocky creeks. Province: Northern.
775. *Moraea setifolia (L.f.) Druce (Iridaceae)
     Cormous, perennial, herb, (0.02-)0.05-0.09(-0.2) m high. Fl. purple, blue, Sep-Jan. Sand, clayey loam, sandy clay. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
776. *Moraea vegeta L. (Iridaceae)
     Cormous, perennial, herb, 0.1-0.3 m high. Fl. yellow, brown, Aug-Oct. Swampy sand. Province: South-west.
777. *Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan (Commelinaceae)
     Prostrate or decumbent perennial, herb. Fl. blue, purple, Feb-May. Loam. Damp disturbed sites. Province: Northern.
778. *Muscari comosum (L.) Mill. (Hyacinthaceae)
     Bulbaceous, perennial, herb, to 0.5 m high. Fl. blue, purple, brown, cream, green, Oct-Dec. Loam. Province: South-west.
779. Najas marina L. (Najadaceae)
     Slender, attached, submerged, aquatic annual, herb, dioecious, leaves toothed. Fl. green, Mar-Aug/Nov. Fresh or brackish waters. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
780. *Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. (Amaryllidaceae)
     Bulbaceous, clump forming perennial, herb, to 0.5 m high. Fl. yellow. Loam. Province: South-west.
781. *Narcissus tazetta L. (Amaryllidaceae)
     Bulbaceous, clump forming perennial, herb, to 0.7 m high. Fl. cream, white, yellow, Jul-Sep. Black sand. Moist sites. Province: South-west.
782. Ophiuros exaltatus (L.) Kuntze (Poaceae)
     Rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like or herb, 2.7 m high. Fl. green, purple, Feb-Jul/Nov. Heavy clay. Seasonally wet depressions. Province: Northern.
783. Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P.Beauv. (Poaceae)
     Annual or perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.05-0.5 m high. Fl. green, white, Jan-Jul. Laterite. Province: Northern.
784. *Ornithogalum arabicum L. (Hyacinthaceae)
     Bulbaceous, perennial, herb, 0.2-0.6(-1) m high. Fl. white, Sep-Dec. Grey sand. Along roadsides. Province: South-west.
785. *Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae)
     Annual, grass-like or herb, 1 m high. Fl. brown. Black soils. Province: Northern and South-west.
786. *Panicum capillare L. (Poaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.2-0.8(-1) m high. Fl. green, Apr-Oct. Grey or black sand. Coastal dunes, roadsides. Province: South-west.
787. *Panicum coloratum L. (Poaceae)
     Rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.5-1.2 m high. Fl. Jan-Dec. Sand, loam, clay. Province: Northern.
788. *Panicum miliaceum L. (Poaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.2-1.2 m high. Fl. green, brown, Jan-May/Aug. Sand. Province: South-west.
789. *Parapholis incurva (L.) C.E.Hubb. (Poaceae)
     Annual, grass-like or herb, 0.3 m high. Fl. green, Sep-Dec. Grey sand, calcareous loam, often saline. Saline flats, salt lakes, saltmarshes, beach sandhills. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
790. *Paspalum distichum L. (Poaceae)
     Tufted perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.05-0.5 m high. Fl. green, purple, Dec-Apr. Moist habitats, often saline. Province: Northern and South-west.
791. Paspalum scrobiculatum L. (Poaceae)
     Rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.3-1.5 m high. Fl. green, purple, Jan-Aug. Sand, peaty black loam, sandstone. Floodplains, creeks, waterfalls, swamps. Province: Northern.
792. *Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. (Poaceae)
     Annual, grass-like or herb, 0.5-3 m high. Fl. brown, purple, Sep-Oct/Mar. Cultivated in some places but may occasionally be naturalized. Province: South-west.
793. *Periballia minuta (L.) Asch. & Graebn. (Poaceae)
     Slender annual, grass-like or herb, 0.03-0.1 m high. Fl. green, purple, Aug-Oct. Grey sand, sandy clay, granite. Province: South-west.
794. *Phalaris aquatica L. (Poaceae)
     Rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.3-1 m high. Fl. cream, green, Sep-Dec. A pasture grass but has occasionally become naturalized. Province: South-west.
795. *Phalaris arundinacea L. (Poaceae)
     Rhizomatous, perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.5-1.5(-2) m high. Fl. green, purple, white, Dec-Apr. Pasture grass, drains, verges, disturbed sites. Province: South-west.
796. *Phalaris arundinacea L. var. arundinacea (Poaceae)
     Rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.5-1.5(-2) m high. Fl. green, purple, white, Dec-Apr. Pasture grass, drains, verges & disturbed sites.
797. *Phalaris canariensis L. (Poaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.15-1 m high. Fl. green, white, Sep-Oct. Cultivated, occasionally a weed. Province: South-west.
798. *Phalaris paradoxa L. (Poaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.2-0.5 m high. Fl. green, purple, Oct-Nov. Sand, clay. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
799. *Phleum arenarium L. (Poaceae)
     Grass-like or herb. Province: South-west.
800. *Phleum pratense L. (Poaceae)
     Perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.3-1 m high. Fl. green, purple, Feb. Damp areas. Province: South-west.
801. *Phoenix dactylifera L. (Arecaceae)
     Perennial tree-like monocot (palm), 0.4-8 m high. Fl. Jul-Sep. Edges of permanent pools, watercourses. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
802. Phragmites vallatoria (L.) Veldkamp (Poaceae)
     Upright rhizomatous, perennial, grass-like or herb (aquatic reed), to 6 m high. Red soils, river washed sand, clay loam, basalt. Around margins of permanent water. Province: Northern and Eremaean.
803. *Piptatherum miliaceum (L.) Coss. (Poaceae)
     Tufted perennial, grass-like or herb, 1.5 m high. Fl. green, purple, Oct-Jan/Jul. Sand, granite. Province: South-west.
804. *Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae)
     Rhizomatous, free-floating, aquatic perennial, herb. In still & slow flowing water. Province: Northern and South-west.
805. *Poa annua L. (Poaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.02-0.4 m high. Fl. green, Aug-Feb. White, grey, black or peaty sand, sandy clay, sandy loam. Lawns, disturbed areas, swamps, outcrops. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
806. *Poa bulbosa L. (Poaceae)
     Bulbaceous, tufted perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.05-0.4 m high. Fl. green, purple, Sep-Nov. White or grey sand, loam. Province: South-west.
807. *Poa pratensis L. (Poaceae)
     Rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.1-1 m high. Fl. green, purple, Nov-Dec. Cultivated as a lawn grass. Province: South-west.
808. *Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. (Poaceae)
     Erect tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.15-0.8 m high. Fl. green, May-Nov. Grey or brown sand, granite, peat, clay, often saline. Moist areas, creeks, rivers, swamps. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
809. *Pontederia cordata L. (Pontederiaceae)
     Rhizomatous, aquatic perennial, herb, to 1.3 m high. Fl. blue, purple, Nov-Apr. In still or slow-flowing fresh water to 50 cm deep. Along a creek from a deliberate planting.
810. Potamogeton crispus L. (Potamogetonaceae)
     Rhizomatous, submerged aquatic perennial, herb, leaves narrow ovate, margins crisped. Fl. green, brown, Jul-May. Mud. Freshwater. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
811. Potamogeton pectinatus L. (Potamogetonaceae)
     Rhizomatous, submerged aquatic perennial, herb, leaves linear. Fl. green, yellow, Oct-Jan. Fresh or saline waters to 3 m deep, lakes, creeks, rivers, streams. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
812. Proiphys amboinensis (L.) Herb. (Amaryllidaceae)
     Bulbaceous, perennial, herb. Fl. white, Oct. Province: Northern.
813. *Romulea rosea (L.) Eckl. (Iridaceae)
     Cormous, perennial, herb, to 0.25 m high. Fl. red, pink, yellow, Aug-Oct. Sand, clay, loam. Roadsides, pasture land. Province: South-west.
814. *Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev (Poaceae)
     Annual, grass-like or herb, 0.05-0.3 m high. Fl. green, Jul-Nov. Black or siliceous sand, loam. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
815. *Rostraria pumila (L.) Tzvelev (Poaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.05-0.2 m high. Fl. green, Jul-Oct. Grey, black or red sand, sandy clay, clay, limestone. Roadsides, sand dunes, cliff slopes. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
816. Ruppia maritima L. (Potamogetonaceae)
     Submerged perennial, herb, fruits on spiral inflorescence stalks. Fl. green, Aug. Saline or brackish water. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
817. Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase (Poaceae)
     Often rhizomatous, tufted annual or perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.2-1 m high. Fl. green, Feb-Aug. Sand, silt, gravelly mud. Wet sites, creeks, swamps. Province: Northern.
818. *Schismus barbatus (L.) Thell. (Poaceae)
     Tufted ascending annual, grass-like or herb, 0.05-0.25 m high. Fl. green, purple, Aug-Nov. Sand, limestone, clay. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
819. Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) A.Kern. (Cyperaceae)
     Rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like or herb (sedge), 0.3-1.2 m high. Fl. yellow, green, brown, Apr-Aug. Sand, mud, clay. Watercourses, swamps, pools. Province: Northern.
820. *Secale cereale L. (Poaceae)
     Annual, grass-like or herb, 1-1.5 m high. Fl. green, Jun-Oct. Sand. Province: South-west.
821. *Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv. (Poaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.3-1.5 m high. Fl. green, yellow, Nov-Mar. Sand. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
822. *Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv. (Poaceae)
     Loosely tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.1-1.3 m high. Fl. Dec-Jun. Sand, clay, loam. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
823. *Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Small (Poaceae)
     Annual, grass-like or herb, 0.1-1.3 m high. Province: South-west.
824. *Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Poaceae)
     Robust tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.8-2.5(-4) m high. Fl. brown, Apr-May. Sandy or black-brown cracking clay. Province: Northern and South-west.
825. *Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (Poaceae)
     Rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.5-2 m high. Fl. brown, Aug-Feb. Loam, sand. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
826. *Sparaxis bulbifera (L.) Ker Gawl. (Iridaceae)
     Cormous, perennial, herb, 0.1-0.4(-0.6) m high. Fl. white, cream, yellow, Sep-Oct. Sand, sandy clay, loam. Roadsides, swamps. Province: South-west.
827. *Sparaxis pillansii L.Bolus (Iridaceae)
     Cormous, perennial, herb, to 0.4 m high. Fl. red, purple, yellow, Sep-Oct. Loam, sand, sandy clay. Province: South-west.
828. *Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. (Lemnaceae)
     Surface-floating, aquatic annual, herb, thallus (3-)5-8(-10) mm long, flat, opaque, dorsal surface yellow-green, ventral surface purple. Freshwater. Province: Northern.
829. Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth (Poaceae)
     Rhizomatous, soliniferous, tussocky perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.1-0.5 m high. Fl. green, purple, Jan-Dec. White, yellow or brown sand, clay, peat, often saline. Beach dunes, tidal flats, salt marshes. Province: Northern, Eremaean and South-west.
830. Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze (Taccaceae)
     Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.2-1(-1.5) m high. Fl. green, purple, Jan-Apr. Basalt loam, sandy soils. Province: Northern.
831. Themeda arguens (L.) Hack. (Poaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 1-3 m high. Fl. green, black, Apr-Jun. Loam, laterite. Vine thickets, wet savannas. Province: Northern.
832. *Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze (Poaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 1.2 m high. Fl. Apr. Red soils. Province: Northern.
833. *Tribolium uniolae (L.f.) Renvoize (Poaceae)
     Tufted straggly perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.1-0.3(-0.6) m high. Fl. green, purple, Oct-Dec. Sand, sandy clay, gravelly laterite. Province: South-west.
834. *Triglochin bulbosa L. (Juncaginaceae)
     Perennial, herb, to 0.2 m high, leaves to 4 mm wide, semi-terete; stamens 6; Fruit 6-12 mm, 3 carpels fertile, ellipsoid-cylindrical. Roadside ditches. Province: South-west.
835. *Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae)
     Annual, grass-like or herb, 0.4-1 m high. Fl. green, Apr-Aug. Roadsides, cultivated, occasionally escapes. Province: South-west.
836. *Tritonia crocata (L.) Ker Gawl. (Iridaceae)
     Cormous, perennial, herb, 0.15-0.5 m high. Fl. orange, pink, Sep-Oct. Sand. Roadsides, vacant land. Province: South-west.
837. *Urochloa ramosa (L.) R.D.Webster (Poaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.1-0.5 m high. Creek banks. Province: Northern.
838. Urochloa reptans (L.) Stapf (Poaceae)
     Stoloniferous, basally decumbent annual, grass-like or herb, 0.1-0.4 m high. Fl. green, Jan-Aug. Alluvium, sandy loam. Usually on stream banks. Province: Northern.
839. *Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray (Poaceae)
     Loosely tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.05-0.6 m high. Fl. green, Sep-Dec. Sandy loam, sand. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
840. *Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel. (Poaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.07-0.7 m high. Fl. green, Jul-Nov. Sand, loam, lateritic gravel. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
841. *Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel. var. myuros (Poaceae)
     Tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.07-0.7 m high. Fl. green, Jul-Nov. Grey or black sand, loam, lateritic gravel. Province: Eremaean and South-west.
842. *Wachendorfia paniculata L. (Haemodoraceae)
     Tuberous, tufted perennial, herb, to 0.4 m high. Fl. yellow, Oct. Sand. Province: South-west.
843. *Watsonia marginata (L.f.) Ker Gawl. (Iridaceae)
     Cormous, perennial, herb, to 1.5 m high. Fl. violet, white, pink, Oct-Dec. Sand, loam. Province: South-west.
844. *Watsonia meriana (L.) Mill. (Iridaceae)
     Cormous, perennial, herb, 0.7-2.5 m high. Fl. orange, red, pink, purple, white, Sep-Dec. Sand, loam, clay, granite. Creeklines, roadsides, drains. Province: South-west.
845. *Watsonia meriana (L.) Mill. var. meriana (Iridaceae)
     Perennial, herb, to 2 m high. Fl. orange, pink, yellow, Sep-Nov. Brown or red-brown clay loam, grey sandy loam, gravel, laterite. Undulating plains, edges of rivers, disturbed woodlands, roadverges. Province: South-west.
846. Xyris indica L. (Xyridaceae)
     Tufted, coarse annual, herb, 0.2-0.5 m high. Fl. yellow, May-Aug. Swamps, creek beds. Province: Northern.
847. *Yucca aloifolia L. (Agavaceae)
     Rhizomatous, perennial tree-like monocot (or shrubby plant), to 1.6 m high, leaves fleshy with terminal spines. Fl. cream, white, Jul. Sand, gravelly clayey loam. Commonly cultivated, occasionally naturalised. Province: South-west.
848. *Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng. (Araceae)
     Rhizomatous (tuber-like), perennial, herb, to 1 m high. Fl. white, Jul-Nov. Loam, sand. Swamps, rarely uplands. Province: South-west.

 

Compiled by Alex Chapman; last updated on 23 May 2007.

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